Effect of mixing method on the rheokinetics of pickering emulsified gel system used as disproportionate permeability red
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Effect of mixing method on the rheokinetics of pickering emulsified gel system used as disproportionate permeability reducer Tinku Saikia 1 & Abdullah Sultan 1 & Jafar Sadeq Al Hamad 1 Received: 23 June 2020 / Revised: 21 August 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The use of emulsified (pickering emulsion) gel system as a disproportionate permeability reducer (DPR) in oil reserves is a very efficient option for reducing excess water production. The breaking of emulsion system and gelation of the separated gelant are the most important aspects in designing the DPR system. The proper adjustment of the gelation time ensures the proper placement of the DPR system in the reservoir and prevents the gelation in the tubing. Different studies present the effect of mixing time, temperature, etc. on the rheology of the emulsion systems. This research work is the first account of the effect of mixing method on the rheology of the developed emulsified gel system. All the rheological studies are performed at 25 °C, 45 °C, 65 °C and 95 °C. Three mixing methods were tested, i.e. methods I, II and III. Mixing method III presents good 24-h and 48-h gel strength, i.e. 400.44 Pa and 1484.53 Pa respectively. The gelation time of the emulsified gel prepared by mixing method III is 11.11 h, which is sufficient for proper placement of the gel in the reservoir. Method III was found to be the most appropriate one in terms of gelation time, gel strength and ease in mixing. Keywords Relative permeability modifier . Rheology . Gelation time . Pickering emulsion
Introduction The control of excess water production in the oil reservoirs is one of the problems which is very hard to avoid. The occurrence of excess water production is inevitable and it is only a matter of time depending upon the preventive measures (Zolfaghari et al. 2015) (Awad et al. 2010). The excess water production not only makes the oil production uneconomical but also raises different issues such as produced water disposal, corrosion of equipment and scaling (Khatib 2007) (Veil et al. 2004). If the produced water contains mercury, arsenic and other highly corrosive salts, then they not only corrode the subsurface and surface equipment but also possess environmental concerns (Hibbeler and Rae 2005). The produced water needs extra treatment before their disposal on the surface,
* Abdullah Sultan [email protected] Tinku Saikia [email protected] 1
Department of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
which again requires extra capital investment and increases the cost of oil production (Donham 1991; Merdhah et al. 2009; Al Tolaihy et al. 2010). One of the most commonly used methods for water control operation is polymer gel flooding. In this flooding technique, the low-viscosity aqueous solution of polymer and crosslinker is injected into the affected zone from where excess water was produced. This low viscous mixture i
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