Effect of nickel and chromium additions on texture development in a low-carbon, vacuum-melted steel
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S. R. GOODMAN The e f f e c t s of nickel and c h r o m i u m a d d i t i o n s on the d e v e l o p m e n t of r e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n t e x t u r e s in a v a c u u m - m e l t e d , l o w - c a r b o n , l o w - m a n g a n e s e s t e e l have been studied. The a d d i tion of up to 0.42 wt pct Ni c a u s e d l i t t l e change in r e c o v e r y and r e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n , an n eal i n g t e x t u r e , o r p l a s t i c s t r a i n r a t i o . The addition of a s l i t t l e a s 0.05 wt pct C r a l t e r e d the r e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n t e x t u r e and d r a s t i c a l l y r e d u c e d t h e p l a s t i c s t r a i n r a t i o . L i n e b r o a d e n i n g data and m i c r o s c o p y showed that both r e c o v e r y and r e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n w e r e d el ay ed to h i g h e r t e m p e r a t u r e s with i n c r e a s i n g c h r o m i u m content, although the d e g r e e of r e c o v e r y was about t h e s a m e at the o n s e t of r e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n . T h e s e r e s u l t s a r e a t t r i b u t e d p r i m a r i l y to the e f f e c t s of the alloying e l e m e n t s in s o l i d solution in r a i s i n g the r e c r y s t a l l i zation t e m p e r a t u r e of the s t e e l .
T H E d e v e l o p m e n t of r e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n t e x t u r e s in l o w - c a r b o n s t e e l s has been and r e m a i n s a v e r y c o n f u s ing i s s u e , s i n c e n u m e r o u s p r o c e s s i n g and c o m p o s i tional v a r i a b l e s can have d r a s t i c e f f e c t s on the s u b s e q u e n t annealing t e x t u r e s . H o w e v e r , in r e c e n t y e a r s , with t he knowledge that t e x t u r e m a y have m a r k e d e f f e c t s on the d r a w i n g quality of s t e e l s h e e t , x'2 a g r e a t e r e f f o r t has been m a d e to u n d e r s t a n d the r e a c t i o n s which co n t r o l t e x t u r e d e v e l o p m e n t in l o w - c a r b o n s t e e l s . A p a r t i a l l i s t of such r e a c t i o n s m i g h t in c l u d e 1) P r e p r e c i p i t a t i o n c l u s t e r i n g during annealing.3,4 2) M n - O - S i n t e r a c t i o n s , s-~~ 3) Solid solution e f f e c t s on r e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n . ~1 T he f i r s t two w i l l be d i s c u s s e d b r i e f l y while the l a t t e r will be d i s c u s s e d m o r e fully a s b e in g typical of a high-purity, vacuum-melted low-carbon steel. T he p r o n o u n c e d effect of c o n c u r r e n t p r e c i p i t a t i o n on r e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n and t e x t u r e can be o b s e r v e d in a l u m i n u m - k i l l e d s t e e l s . %4 M i c h a l a k e t a l . 4 o b s e r v e d that when p r e c i p i t a t i o n of A1N w a s a c c o m p l i s h e d p r i o r to final cold r o l l i n g , s u b s e q u e n t r e c r y s t a l l i z a tion o c c u r r e d in the r a n g e 1000 ~ to 1050~ (538 ~ to 566~ and a t e x t u r e u n f a v o r a b l e to deep d r a w i n g w a s d e v e l o p e d . H o w e v e r , if n i t r o g e n an
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