Effect of Ocean Warming on Cloud Properties Over India and Adjoining Oceanic Regions
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Pure and Applied Geophysics
Effect of Ocean Warming on Cloud Properties Over India and Adjoining Oceanic Regions RUCHITA SHAH1 and ROHIT SRIVASTAVA1 Abstract—Changes in precipitation pattern have been associated with global warming and is of more importance particularly for monsoon dependent regions such as India, which receives maximum rainfall from south-west monsoon. Indian land mass is surrounded by ocean from three sides named Arabian Sea (AS), Bay of Bengal (BOB) and rest of the Indian Ocean (IO) which makes its climate more sensitive. To understand the effect of global warming, long term (1960–2017) annually averaged in-situ sea surface temperature (SST) is studied which shows an increasing trend (* 0.11 °C/decade; P \ 0.05) with higher variations (r2AS = 0.46; r2BOB = 0.43) over AS and BOB whereas comparatively lower in magnitude (* 0.14 °C/decade; P \ 0.05) with less variation (r2IO = 0.74) over IO. Rise in SST could vary evaporation rate, moisture content, cloud temperature and initial conditions required for cloud formation. To understand this heterogeneity in conjunction with seasonal variation, present study correlates cloud microphysical properties such as cloud effective radius (CER) with SST and aerosol optical depth (AOD) at high-resolution (1° 9 1°) using linear interpolation method during 2001–2016. Features of north-east monsoon captures with high (* 0.006–0.012 kg/kg) specific humidity at 850 hPa, positive correlation (* 0.1–0.8) of SST-CER and negative correlation (* - 0.1 to * - 0.8) of AOD–CER over BOB which may imply formation of bigger droplets due to presence of more moisture and less AOD. Though these patches show prominent results, it also shows scattered interpolation signifying role of other parameters on CER. Findings would be promising with more parameters, which can be used as an input data in climate models to understand regional climate variability. Keywords: Global warming, uneven precipitation pattern, cloud microphysical properties, oceanic regions of India.
1. Introduction Global warming is a natural process in which radiant energy may transmit, absorb or redirected (reflected or scattered). Emitted solar radiation gets absorb by greenhouse gases, which fasten the
1 Department of Science, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. E-mail: [email protected]
vibration of atmospheric molecules and thus cause an increase in the temperature. On the other hand, this generated heat emit as longwave radiation and may further escape out into the space (Tarbuck et al. 1997). Balance between emission of longwave radiation by Earth’s surface and emission of solar radiation is important to maintain the temperature of the earth. But recent increasing anthropogenic activities have raised a serious concern towards global temperature rise and hence climate change. In this warming climate, there are various effects of global warming such as rise in SST (IPCC 2013), rise in surface temperature (Nageswararao et al. 2020), increase in humidity at high pressur
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