Effect of Phase Contiguity and Morphology on the Evolution of Deformation Texture in Two-Phase Alloys
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TRODUCTION
MANY engineering alloys like steels, alloys of aluminum, titanium, and zirconium consist of two constituent phases with distinct mechanical and physical properties. It is assumed that the response of two-phase materials to an external stimulus will be an average of the constituent phases. This is, however, not the case and in addition to the properties of individual phases, the response of two-phase materials depends on volume fraction, morphological and crystallographic orientation as well as contiguity of individual phases. The evolution of texture and microstructure during processing of two-phase alloys is of paramount importance in determining the in-service performance of various components.[1-5] This aspect is particularly important for two-phase alloys due to the inherent complexities involved in the deformation of two-phase materials wherein the properties of individual phases interact to decide the overall behavior. Two-phase alloys can be classified into various types depending on the amount and type of the constituent phases.[4] The various possible combinations are an interpenetrating hard/ductile phase or a matrix and inclusion-type microstructure. In addition, in-situ composites like Cu-Ag. Cu-Nb alloys
N.P. GURAO, Assistant Professor, is with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India. Contact e-mail: [email protected] SATYAM SUWAS, Professor, is with the Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India. Manuscript submitted July 10, 2016. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
with a ductile eutectic phase and multi-layers of different pure metals and alloys at the nano-length scale constitute special cases of two-phase systems that have been investigated in great detail.[6,7] The mechanism of plastic deformation in two-phase composites is complicated due to the interaction between the two phases. As a general rule, in the presence of a hard and soft phase, it is expected that the softer phase carries more strain, while the harder one takes more stress. Therefore, it may be rationalized that the evolution of deformation texture in the softer phase is accelerated, while that in the harder phase is retarded at a given macroscopic strain compared to the single-phase counterparts. However, the above hypothesis presents an oversimplified scenario during the deformation of two phases and various other microstructural parameters like contiguity, shape, and size as well as crystallographic relationship between the phases influence the texture evolution in the individual phases. The elasto-plastic behavior of such systems has been studied,[2-5] but the large strain plastic deformation has received little attention. Most of the studies have focused on conventional alloys like dual phase mostly ferrite-martensite steels[8-10] and Ti alloys[11-14] as these systems have tremendous industrial applications. Various investigations[15-26] have employed characterization tools like X-ray, neutr
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