Effect of Plate Hardening Behavior on the Deformation of Stainless Steel Metal Bellows
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JMEPEG DOI: 10.1007/s11665-017-3013-z
Effect of Plate Hardening Behavior on the Deformation of Stainless Steel Metal Bellows Zengliang Hao, Shuyi Luo, He Zhao, Chunxiang Zhang, and Junting Luo (Submitted February 23, 2017; in revised form October 3, 2017) Tensile tests of original plate samples from three types of stainless steel metal bellows were performed at room temperature. The constitutive equations for the three hardening curves were obtained and fitted. The analysis results of the microstructure and fracture morphology of the tensile specimens show that the grain size of the plate with a high logarithmic–exponential hardening rate is uneven and the dimple of the shear fracture is elongated into an ellipse. By contrast, the grain size of the plate with a relatively low linear hardening rate is even and the dimple of the fracture is uniformly equiaxial. Finite element simulations of the hydraulic bulging and repeated limit bending deformation of the metal bellows of the three types of materials were also conducted. The repeated limit bending deformation process was tested experimentally. Although the effect of the hardening exponent on the residual stress of the metal bellows after hydraulic bulging is minimal, this exponent considerably influences the repeated limit bending deformation of the metal bellows after subsequent use. The trough hardening phenomenon is serious in the repeated limit bending process. Moreover, when the hardening exponent of the original plate is high, the resistance to bending fracture at the trough area is poor. Keywords
finite element simulations, hardening exponent, hydraulic bulging, metal bellows, repeated limit bending, stainless steel
1. Introduction Stainless steel is widely used in various industries due to its good strength, high wear resistance, good anti-corrosion capability, attractive appearance, and other excellent characteristics (Ref 1-3). In particular, stainless steel thin-walled tubes are extensively used in the automotive, petroleum, aerospace, and other fields. However, stainless steel exhibits serious hardening during processing (Ref 4, 5). Hence, the effects of the hardening exponent on the forming performance and repeated limit bending deformation performance of stainless steel bellows are important research topics. Metal bellows are subjected to high internal pressure to form large irreversible deformations during forming, which result in high strain (hardening) and high residual stress deformation areas. Both the phenomena significantly affect the subsequent
Zengliang Hao, Shuyi Luo, and He Zhao, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging and Stamping Technology and Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Chunxiang Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; and Junting Luo, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging and Stamping Technology and Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China and State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materia
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