Effect of soil particle size and types on the crystallization behavior for nuclear waste disposal
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Effect of soil particle size and types on the crystallization behavior for nuclear waste disposal Haojie Tan1 · Yaping Li2 · Yushan Yang1,3 · Bingsheng Li1 · Wenxiao Huang2 · Xiaoyan Shu1,3 · Hexi Tang3 · Yi Liu4 · Shunzhang Chen3,5 · Yi Xie6,7 · Xirui Lu1,3 Received: 18 February 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract To investigate the crystallization behavior in the field of radioactive contaminated soil immobilization, different particle size soils are heated at 1300 °C within 30 min by microwave sintering. The XRD results show that mullite phase appears in the yellow soil when the particle size is over 150 mesh. The behavior of crystallization is also related to the grain size and aluminum–silicon molar ratio. As the particle size increases, the crystallinity values generally decrease in all sintered soils. When the particle size is fixed, the crystallinity values are lowest in yellow sintered soil and highest in black sintered soil. Keywords Particle size · Soil types · Microwave sintering · Al–Si molar ratio
Introduction
* Xirui Lu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
2
Key Laboratory of Radioactive and Rare Scattered Minerals, Ministry of Land and Resources, Shaoguan 512026, People’s Republic of China
3
Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
4
China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People’s Republic of China
5
Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
6
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
7
CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
Uranium mining, nuclear testing and nuclear accidents will produce massive soil contaminated by radionuclides, whose radiation and biological toxicity need the treatment and remediation to avoid causing greater harm to the environment [1–6]. Different technologies have been applied in the treatment of radioactive contaminated soil. The traditional treatment and remediation of radioactive contaminated soil can be divided into three types: physical method (such as thermal treatment and physical absorption), chemical method (such as chemical extraction) and biological method (such as bio-mineralization, phytoremediation and bio-sorption) [7–14]. However, several problems remain in regard to these methods in the process of disposing high-level nuclear waste [15]. Therefore, some researchers made attempts to dispose the radioactive contaminated soil with the method of solidification for curing radionuclides stea
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