Effect of the Wii Sports Resort on the improvement in attention, processing speed and working memory in moderate stroke
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Effect of the Wii Sports Resort on the improvement in attention, processing speed and working memory in moderate stroke Iratxe Unibaso-Markaida* , Ioseba Iraurgi, Nuria Ortiz-Marqués, Imanol Amayra and Silvia Martínez-Rodríguez
Abstract Background: Stroke is the most common neurological disease in the world. After the stroke, some people suffer a cognitive disability. Commercial videogames have been used after stroke for physical rehabilitation; however, their use in cognitive rehabilitation has hardly been studied. The objectives of this study were to analyze attention, processing speed, and working memory in patients with moderate stroke after an intervention with Wii Sports Resort and compared these results with a control group. Methods: A pre-post design study was conducted with 30 moderate stroke patients aged 65 ± 15. The study lasted eight weeks. 15 participated in the intervention group and 15 belong to the control group. They were assessed in attention and processing speed (TMT-A and B) and working memory (Digit Span of WAIS-III). Parametric and effect size tests were used to analyze the improvement of those outcomes and compared both groups. Results: At the baseline, there was no difference between TMT-A and B. A difference was found in the scalar score of TMT-B, as well as in Digit Backward Span and Total Digit Task. In TMT-A and B, the intervention group had better scores than the control group. The intervention group in the Digit Forward Span and the Total Digit obtained a moderate effect size and the control group also obtained a moderate effect size in Total Digit. In the Digit scalar scores, the control group achieved better results than the intervention group. Conclusions: The results on attention, processing speed and working memory improved in both groups. However, according to the effect sizes, the intervention group achieved better results than the control group. In addition, the attention and processing speed improved more than the working memory after the intervention. Although more studies are needed in this area, the results are encouraging for cognitive rehabilitation after stroke. Keywords: Moderate stroke, Cognition, Attention, Processing speed, Working memory, Nintendo Wii sports resort
Background Stroke is a really common neurological circulatory disorder, around 795,000 people suffer a new stroke every year and 185,000 are recurrent cases [1]. It is the second most common cause of dementia, death and more than 32% people after stroke suffer from cognitive impairments [2], and the third most common cause of disability which in five years after stroke the disabilities levels increase from 14 to 23% [1]. The after-effects of * Correspondence: [email protected] Faculty of Psychology at University of Deusto (Office DARC 1 BIS), 24 Avda. Universidades, 48007 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
suffering a stroke can appear on a physical level, such as motor disorders [3, 4], hemiparesis [5], dizziness, vertigo and various sight and speech problems [6]. There can a
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