Effect of treatment with a full-occlusion biofeedback splint on sleep bruxism and TMD pain: a randomized controlled clin
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of treatment with a full-occlusion biofeedback splint on sleep bruxism and TMD pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial Alexander Bergmann 1,2 & Daniel Edelhoff 1 & Oliver Schubert 1 & Kurt-Jürgen Erdelt 1 & Jean-Marc Pho Duc 1 Received: 30 September 2019 / Accepted: 30 March 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Objectives The purpose of the present study was to analyze treatment outcome with a full-occlusion biofeedback (BFB) splint on sleep bruxism (SB) and TMD pain compared with treatment with an adjusted occlusal splint (AOS). Materials and methods Forty-one patients were randomly allocated to a test (BFB) or a control (AOS) group and monitored over a 3-month period. Output variables were frequency and duration of bruxing events (bursts) and various pain symptoms. Results The BFB group showed a statistically significant reduction in the frequency and duration of bursts and a statistically significant improvement in the patients’ global well-being and the facial muscle pain parameter. After the treatment was stopped, the BFB group showed a statistically significant reduction in the average and maximum duration but no statistically significant change in the frequency of bursts. Conclusions The tested BFB splint is highly effective in reducing SB at the subconscious level, i.e., without waking the patient, and in achieving improvements in global pain perception. The results suggest that the BFB splint also provides a better treatment option for bruxism-related pain than an AOS. However, further research is needed, and specifically studies with a larger patient population displaying higher levels of pain at baseline. Clinical relevance By reducing burst duration and therefore the pathological load on the masticatory apparatus, the BFB splint reduces TMD and bruxism-related symptoms and improves patients’ physical well-being. In the long term, this could prevent damage to the TMJ. This study confirms the effectiveness and safety of this splint. The universal trial number U1111-1239-2450 DRKS-ID registration DRKS00018092 Keywords Biofeedback/therapy . Occlusal splint . Sleep bruxism/therapy . Vibration . Temporomandibular disorders
Introduction International bruxism experts have consensually defined bruxism as “a repetitive jaw muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible” [1]. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) has categorized sleep bruxism as “a sleep-related movement disorder” and defines it as “a stereotyped movement disorder characterized by grinding
* Alexander Bergmann [email protected] 1
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
2
Praxis Dr. Bergmann, Angerstr. 9, 83646 Bad Toelz, Germany
or clenching of the teeth during sleep” [2]. Bruxism has two distinct circadian manifestations: it can occur during sleep (indicated as sleep bruxism, SB) or during wakefulness (indicated as awake bruxism, AB) [1]. Several stu
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