Effectiveness of Adaptive Care Plans for Children with Developmental Disabilities During Outpatient Clinic Appointments
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effectiveness of Adaptive Care Plans for Children with Developmental Disabilities During Outpatient Clinic Appointments Melissa Liddle1,2 · Tammy L. Sonnentag1 Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Children with developmental disabilities require more medical experiences than typically-developing children and struggle to cooperate with healthcare encounters. Adaptive care plans, delivered by child life specialists, are individualized patientcentered plans created to address the challenges that children with developmental disabilities experience. The current study evaluated if adaptive care plans affect the psychosocial outcomes of children with ASD compared to those with other developmental disabilities. One-hundred and sixty children between 3 and 18 years of age (child’s Mage = 8.10, SD = 3.75) participated. Although children with developmental disabilities who had adaptive care plans did not generally experience less psychosocial distress; children with ASD who had adaptive care plans experienced fewer challenges with anxiety and coping compared to children with ASD who did not have adaptive care plans. Keywords Adaptive care plan · Patient-centered care · Developmental disability · Child life specialist
Introduction Children with developmental disabilities experience significant challenges in the healthcare environment (Johnson and Rodriguez 2013; Scarpinato et al. 2010). The challenges experienced by children with developmental disabilities are likely due, at least in part, to the difficult time they have cooperating with medical procedures (Johnson and Rodriguez 2013). For example, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who experience acute healthcare visits tend to demonstrate greater uncooperative behaviors compared to children who do not have ASD (Loo et al. 2009). Because children with developmental disabilities have a higher number of medical diagnoses and, consequently, require more medical experiences than typically developing children (Levy et al. 2010; Schieve et al. 2012), it is important to examine interventions that may improve the healthcare experiences of children with developmental disabilities. The current study examines the effectiveness of adaptive care plans, * Melissa Liddle [email protected] 1
School of Psychology, Xavier University, 3800 Victory Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45207, USA
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
2
which are personalized patient-centered treatment plans, to positively affect the healthcare experiences of children with developmental disabilities, particularly those with ASD.
Developmental Disabilities Developmental disabilities are recognized as “a group of conditions due to an impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior” (Zablotsky et al. 2019, p. 2). Such conditions are chronic, typically originate during childhood; are likely to continue indefinitely, and require additional coordinated servic
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