Effects of antenatal, postpartum and post-weaning melatonin supplementation on blood pressure and renal antioxidant enzy
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of antenatal, postpartum and post-weaning melatonin supplementation on blood pressure and renal antioxidant enzyme activities in spontaneously hypertensive rats S. K. Lee & K. N. S. Sirajudeen & Arunkumar Sundaram & Rahimah Zakaria & H. J. Singh
Received: 7 October 2010 / Accepted: 17 December 2010 / Published online: 6 January 2011 # University of Navarra 2011
Abstract Although melatonin lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), its effect following antenatal and postpartum supplementation on the subsequent development of hypertension in SHR pups remains unknown. To investigate this, SHR dams were given melatonin in drinking water (10 mg/kg body weight/day) from day 1 of pregnancy until day 21 postpartum. After weaning, a group of male pups continued to receive melatonin till the age of 16 weeks (Mel-SHR), while no further melatonin was given to another group of male pups (Maternal-Mel-SHR). Controls received plain drinking water. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured at 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age, after which the kidneys were collected for analysis of antioxidant enzyme profiles. SBP was S. K. Lee : A. Sundaram : R. Zakaria Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia K. N. S. Sirajudeen (*) Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] H. J. Singh Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected]
significantly lower till the age of 8 weeks in MaternalMel-SHR and Mel-SHR than that in the controls, after which no significant difference was evident in SBP between the controls and Maternal-Mel-SHR. SBP in Mel-SHR was lower than that in controls and MaternalMel-SHR at 12 and 16 weeks of age. Renal glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione s-transferase (GST) activities, levels of total glutathione and relative GPx-1 protein were significantly higher in Mel-SHR. GPx protein was however significantly higher in Mel-SHR. No significant differences were evident between the three groups in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase. In conclusion, it appears that while antenatal and postpartum melatonin supplementation decreases the rate of rise in blood pressure in SHR offspring, it however does not alter the tendency of offspring of SHR to develop hypertension. Keywords Antenatal . Postpartum melatonin . GPx-1 . Blood pressure . SHR
Introduction Epidemiologic data and experimental studies have shown that pre- and postnatal environmental factors contribute to the adult blood pressure profile [6, 22, 29, 49], and positive association between adult hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction, low
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birth weight, and early postnatal malnutrition has been reported [5, 7, 23, 29]. For example, pups born to Sprague–Dawley dams given a low protein diet from the 12th day of preg
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