Effects of Different Types of Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-ana
- PDF / 2,300,557 Bytes
- 31 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 97 Downloads / 245 Views
REVIEW ARTICLE
Effects of Different Types of Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta‑analysis Wolfgang Kemmler1 · Mahdieh Shojaa1 · Matthias Kohl2 · Simon von Stengel1 Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 31 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In this sub-analysis of a comprehensive meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the effect of different types of exercise on (areal) bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. A systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA statement included (a) controlled trials, (b) with at least one exercise and one control group, (c) intervention ≥ 6 months, (d) BMD assessments at lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) or total hip (TH), (e) in postmenopausal women. Eight electronic databases were scanned without language restrictions up to March 2019. The present subgroup analysis was conducted as a mixed-effect meta-analysis with “type of exercise” as the moderator. The 84 eligible exercise groups were classified into (a) weight bearing (WB, n = 30) exercise, (b) (dynamic) resistance exercise (DRT, n = 18), (c) mixed WB&DRT interventions (n = 36). Outcome measures were standardized mean differences (SMD) for BMD-changes at LS, FN and TH. All types of exercise significantly affect BMD at LS, FN and TH. SMD for LS average 0.40 (95% CI 0.15–0.65) for DRT, SMD 0.26 (0.03–0.49) for WB and SMD 0.42 (0.23–0.61) for WB&DRT. SMD for FN were 0.27 (0.09–0.45) for DRT, 0.37 (0.12–0.62) for WB and 0.35 (0.19–0.51) for WB&DRT. Lastly, SMD for TH changes were 0.51 (0.28–0.74) for DRT, 0.40 (0.21–0.58) for WB and 0.34 (0.14–0.53) for WB&DRT. In summary, we provided further evidence for the favorable effect of exercise on BMD largely independent of the type of exercise. However, in order to generate dedicated exercise recommendations or exercise guideline, meta-analyses might be a too rough tool. Keywords Bone mineral density · Exercise · Weight bearing exercise · Resistance exercise · Postmenopausal women
Introduction Exercise is considered a highly relevant component in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and fracture reduction [1, 2]. Consequently numerous exercise studies (review in [3]) aim to increase bone strength, predominately assessed by (areal) bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women, as the most prominent and largest cohort at risk for osteoporosis. However, although there are some evidencebased recommendations for exercise protocols [1, 4, 5], the most promising exercise to address BMD still remains unsettled [2]. Apart from exercise parameters and principles, even * Wolfgang Kemmler [email protected]‑erlangen.de 1
Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Schwenningen, Germany
2
basic decisions, for example about the type of exercise that should be applied, is still (or once again) controversial [6, 7]. In a recent meta-analysis, Rahimi
Data Loading...
