Effects of dry density on shear behavior and particle breakage for slate rockfill material
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of dry density on shear behavior and particle breakage for slate rockfill material Long Wang 1,2
&
Jungao Zhu 1
&
Zongliang Zhang 3 & Huifeng Zheng 4
Received: 20 January 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Dry density is known to be one of the primary factors affecting the behavior of granular materials. This study investigates dry density effects on shear behavior and particle breakage for rockfill materials. To achieve this, we conducted large-scale consolidated drained tests followed by sieve analysis for slate rockfill. Our results demonstrate that the stress–strain characteristics of the slate investigated depend on both dry density and confining pressure. Based on our observation of non-linear shear strength envelopes, we propose a failure criterion incorporating the effects of dry density to describe shear resistance. Our results also demonstrate that the peak friction angle increases with increasing dry density but decreases with increasing confining pressure. Moreover, the secant modulus depends on both dry density and confining pressure and is closely related to the void ratio after consolidation. Finally, our sieve analysis data indicate that dry density has a minor effect on particle breakage for this slate material. Keywords Dry density . Slate rockfill material . Shear strength . Secant modulus . Particle breakage . Large-scale triaxial compression test
Introduction Rockfill is a type of granular material that is typically produced by blasting of solid rock (Lade and Karimpour 2010).
* Jungao Zhu [email protected] Long Wang [email protected] Zongliang Zhang [email protected] Huifeng Zheng [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2
Priority Research Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
3
Power China Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited, Kunming 650051, China
4
Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Zhejiang 311122, Hangzhou, China
Rockfill materials are abundant and exhibit good engineering performance; for example, they typically exhibit high shear strength and are resistant to deformation. Accordingly, they are preferred construction materials in engineering applications, including for structures such as rockfill dams and railway embankments. In recent decades, the height and storage capacity of rockfill dams have increased, with many dams reaching heights of 200–300 m. The construction of such dams requires improved understanding of the behavior of rockfill materials at depth. Accordingly, many recent studies have focused on the testing of rockfill specimens. The shear strength of rockfill materials is an important factor in the design of rockfill dams. In an early study, De Mello (1977) proposed a non-linear failure criterion for typical rockfill materials. Subsequently, Charles and Watts (1980
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