Effects of Embedment Depth of Foundations on Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Rock Masses
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of Embedment Depth of Foundations on Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Rock Masses Meysam Imani
. Ramtin Aali
Received: 14 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 July 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The embedment depth of footings is an essential factor affecting the bearing capacity of base material. In most bearing capacity determination methods, the effect of the embedment depth was considered by applying an equivalent vertical stress to the ground surface. This simplifying assumption excludes the effect of the shear strength of the rock mass at the levels above the footing base. In the present paper, a bearing capacity equation was obtained for rock masses in which, the effect of the embedment depth of the footing was considered directly without replacing its equivalent vertical stress. Using the upper bound method, the Hoek–Brown failure criterion was employed for the rock mass. The results revealed that the incorporation of the embedment depth results in considerably greater bearing capacity than the cases in which, an equivalent surcharge was used. Therefore, it is important to consider the footing embedment depth for optimal design of foundations. Keywords Bearing capacity Rock mass Embedment depth Upper bound Surcharge
M. Imani (&) R. Aali Geotechnical Engineering Group, Amirkabir University of Technology, Garmsar Campus, Garmsar, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
1 Introduction Rock masses are typically stronger than soils, showing larger bearing capacity. However, it is essential to accurately estimate the bearing capacity of rock masses when large structures such as bridges are founded on it. A review of the literature shows that the bearing capacity of rock masses is a relatively new problem in rock mechanics and has been considered by researchers in recent years. Due to the complexity of rock media, the amount of the studies in this field is significantly lower than that of soil bearing capacity studies, and many specific cases were not investigated. The literature review indicates that some problems have been studied by researchers, including rock mass bearing capacity using the Hoek–Brown failure criterion (Sutcliffe et al. 2004; Yang and Yin 2005; Merifield et al. 2006; Saada et al. 2008; Mao et al. 2012), seismic bearing capacity of foundations adjacent to rock slopes (Yang 2009; Saada et al. 2011), groundwater effects on the bearing capacity of jointed rock foundations (Imani et al. 2012), effect of seepage on the bearing capacity of rock masses (AlKhafaji et al. 2020), the bearing capacity of adjacent footings on rock masses (Javid et al. 2015) and the bearing capacity of square and rectangular footings resting on rock masses (Mansouri et al. 2019). However, it was found that in all studies conducted on the bearing capacity of rock masses, the effect of the footing embedment depth was ignored, assuming the footing
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Geotech Geol Eng
to be founded on the surface of the ground. However, the effect of the embedmen
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