Effects of NaCl Application on Cesium Accumulation in the Aboveground Parts of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
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Effects of NaCl Application on Cesium Accumulation in the Aboveground Parts of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Kengo Wada & Riyako Takagi & Masaori Horikoshi & Masao Higo & Katsunori Isobe
Received: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 4 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this study, we clarified the accumulation and concentration of Cs, Na, and K in each organ (leaves, stem, and panicle) of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under NaCl application condition. Pot experiments using Wagner pots (1/5000a) were conducted in an experimental field at Nihon University in 2018 and 2019, using quinoa variety CICA-127. The growth of quinoa as well as Cs accumulation and concentration was promoted by increasing the amount of NaCl applied. Quinoa accumulated most of the Cs in the leaves, and it was not translocated from the leaves to panicle after the seed filling stage. Cs accumulation by the aboveground parts under NaCl application was at least four times higher than that in the control. Accumulation of Na in stem was highest among organs. The quinoa plants had the mechanism to accumulate Na in the stem. Quinoa has bladder cells on the leaf surface, and excess Na accumulates in these cells. It is unknown whether bladder cells are present on the surface of the stem. Since Cs and Na inhibited the growth of plants, it is necessary to clarify the suppression method of stunting by Cs and Na. Thus, we believe that quinoa can be used for phytoremediation of Cs. Quinoa varieties with high Cs absorption need to be selected for effective phytoremediation in the future experiment.
K. Wada (*) : R. Takagi : M. Horikoshi : M. Higo : K. Isobe College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Cesium . NaCl . Phytoremediation . Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) . Salt tolerance
1 Introduction A large amount of radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs) was released into the environment after the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant that occurred on March 11, 2011 (Chino et al. 2011; Fujii et al. 2014). Contamination of soil surface with 137Cs occurred in a vast land area in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Radioactive Cs deposited on the soil surface was transferred from soil to crops (Tanoi et al. 2013; Tsukada et al. 2002; Kubo et al. 2017), and the crops that accumulated radioactive Cs could not be shipped to the market (Miyahara 2014; Watanabe 2014; Sato 2014). In Cs-contaminated land, the soil surface was stripped to remove radioactive Cs (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan 2013). However, this method adversely affected the physical properties and ecosystem of the soil. Phytoremediation is a useful technique for decontaminating soil, and it can help decontaminate large areas of agricultural land at low cost (Broadley et al. 1999; Hayakawa and Kurihara 2002; Sato 2014; Ogata et al. 2015; Kubo et al. 2017). For example, after the Chernobyl nuclear accident, amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) plants were used to remove
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