Effects of Relative Humidity During Curing on Small-Strain Modulus of Cement-Treated Silty Sand
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of Relative Humidity During Curing on Small-Strain Modulus of Cement-Treated Silty Sand Rizki Maretia Novi Barus . Apiniti Jotisankasa . Susit Chaiprakaikeow . Supakij Nontananandh . Shinya Inazumi . Auckpath Sawangsuriya
Received: 22 April 2019 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This study investigated the effects of relative humidity (Rh ) or total suction condition during curing on small-strain shear modulus (G0) of a cement-treated silty sand using free-free resonant frequency tests (FFR). The moduli were determined on samples cured at different suctions corresponding to three Rh values of 7%, 75%, and 100%, in both unsoaked and soaked conditions. Soil–water retention curves (SWRCs), and unconfined compression strength (UCS) were also determined along with xray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The cement-treated SWRCs showed a much flatter slope than the nontreated ones, and the air-entry suction increased with cement content. The values of G0 increased with cement content and curing time. The highest modulus was achieved in 75%Rh curing condition. The 7%Rh condition resulted in a significant drop in modulus, even close to the non-treated G0 for the 2% cement case. At the same UCS value, the soaked cementR. M. N. Barus A. Jotisankasa (&) S. Chaiprakaikeow S. Nontananandh Department of Civil Engineering, Kasetsart University, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand e-mail: [email protected] S. Inazumi Department of Civil Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan A. Sawangsuriya Department of Highways (DOH), Bureau of Road Research and Development, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
treated samples had higher modulus than the nontreated ones in the unsoaked condition, indicating that the effect of suction on modulus was smaller than the effect of cementation. XRD analysis revealed a greater availability of C3S in 7%Rh curing condition at 7-day curing period suggesting that the hydration process was still not complete, which explained the decrease in G0 in this curing condition. Keywords Cement-treated soil Relative humidity Small-strain shear modulus Free-free resonant frequency method Total suction
1 Introduction In response to an increasing demand for infrastructure development in areas where the scarcity of suitable materials becomes a concern, cement-treated local materials have been widely used in various earthworks around the world (e.g. Portland Cement Association 1956, 1995, 2001; Kamon and Nontananandh 1991; Stavridakis 2005; Consoli et al. 2007, 2018; da Fonseca et al. 2009; Zolfeghari Far et al. 2013; Antunes et al. 2017; Behnood 2018). The chemical stabilization technique has been adopted in various applications, for example, treatment of local soil for base and subbase layers, stabilization of slope embankments, improvement of soil’s bearing capacity and stiffness, and reduction of permeability and
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settlement. One of the most signi
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