Effects of Social Support Source and Effectiveness on Stress Buffering After Stem Cell Transplant
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Effects of Social Support Source and Effectiveness on Stress Buffering After Stem Cell Transplant Marjorie Margolis 1,2 & Jane Austin 3 & Lisa Wu 4 & Heiddis Valdimarsdottir 5,6 & Annette L. Stanton 7 & Scott D. Rowley 8,9 & Pashna M. Munshi 9 & Christine Rini 8,9 Published online: 28 May 2019 # International Society of Behavioral Medicine 2019
Abstract Background This study used the social support effectiveness framework to examine whether effective social support buffered the relationship between stressful life events and distress among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) survivors and whether that buffering effect depended on the type of caregiver who provided it (partner versus non-partner caregivers). Methods A total of 275 HSCT survivors completed measures of the effectiveness of their caregiver’s support—social support effectiveness (SSE)—distress, and stressful life events. Hierarchical linear regression was used to analyze a three-way interaction between stressful life events, caregiver SSE, and caregiver type on distress. Results After controlling for covariates, the three-way interaction of stressful life events, caregiver SSE, and caregiver type was significant (b = − 0.21, SE = 0.00, p < 0.001). Among partnered survivors, more stressful life events were associated with greater distress (B = 0.03, SE = 0.01, p = 0.045) when caregiver SSE was low. There was no association between stressful life events and distress when caregiver SSE was average (B = 0.01, SE = 0.01, p = 0.50) or high (B = − 0.01, SE = 0.02, p = 0.61). Among nonpartnered survivors, there was a positive association between stressful life events and distress regardless of caregiver SSE. Conclusions Average or highly effective caregiver support buffered effects of stressful life events on distress among partnered survivors. There was no evidence that support at any level of effectiveness buffered stressful life events among non-partnered survivors. Findings highlight the importance of measuring social support effectiveness and source of support among HSCT survivors. Keywords Social support . Stem cell transplant . Stress buffering . Cancer survivor
* Marjorie Margolis [email protected] 1
University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, 170 Rosenau Hall #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA
2
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440, USA
3
William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, USA
4
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
5
University of Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland
6
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
7
University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
8
John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
9
Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
Introduction For decades, the potential for social support to mitigate or Bbuffer^ effects of acute or chronic
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