Effects of sodium chloride on the gene expression profile of periodontal ligament fibroblasts during tensile strain
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of sodium chloride on the gene expression profile of periodontal ligament fibroblasts during tensile strain Agnes Schröder1 · Joshua Gubernator1 · Ute Nazet1 · Gerrit Spanier2 · Jonathan Jantsch3 · Peter Proff1 · Christian Kirschneck1 Received: 16 December 2019 / Accepted: 31 March 2020 © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose During orthodontic tooth movement, pressure and tension zones develop in the periodontal ligament, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) become exposed to mechanical strain. Enhanced salt (NaCl) concentrations are known to modulate responses of PDLF and immune cells to different stimuli like mechanical strain. Here, we investigated the impact of tensile strain on the gene expression profile of PDLF under normal (NS) and high salt (HS) conditions. Methods After preincubation under NS or HS (+40 mM NaCl in medium) conditions for 24 h, PDLF were stretched 16% for 48 h using custom-made spherical cap silicone stamps using an established and published setup. After determination of cell number and cytotoxicity, we analyzed expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix reorganization, angiogenesis, bone remodeling, and inflammation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results Tensile strain did not affect the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis or extracellular matrix reorganization by PDLF, which however modulate inflammatory responses and bone remodeling in reaction to 16% static tensile strain. Salt (NaCl) treatment triggered enhanced extracellular matrix formation, expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and bone metabolism in PDLF during tensile strain. Conclusions Salt (NaCl) consumption may influence orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal bone loss via modulation of extracellular matrix and bone metabolism. Excessive salt intake during orthodontic therapy may cause adverse effects regarding periodontal inflammation and bone resorption.
Keywords Periodontal ligament fibroblast · Periodontal ligament (PDL) · Orthodontic tooth movement · Tensile strain · Expression kinetics
PD Dr. rer. nat. Agnes Schröder
[email protected] Joshua Gubernator [email protected]
PD Dr. Dr. (PhD) Christian Kirschneck, DDS [email protected]
Ute Nazet [email protected]
1
Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
Dr. Gerrit Spanier, MD, DDS [email protected]
2
Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
3
Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
Jonathan Jantsch [email protected] Professor Dr. Dr. (PhD) Peter Proff, MD, DDS [email protected]
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