Effects on Hardness and Elastic Modulus for DSS-8 Peptide Treatment on Remineralization of Human Dental Tissues
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1132-Z09-05
Effects on Hardness and Elastic Modulus for DSS-8 Peptide Treatment on Remineralization of Human Dental Tissues Chia-Chan Hsu1, Hsiu-Ying Chung1,2, Elizabeth Marie Hagerman3, Wenyuan Shi4, Jenn-Ming Yang1, Ben Wu1,3 1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A. 2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407,
Taiwan, Republic of China 3
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
90095, U.S.A. 4
School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A.
Abstract
Dental remineralization may be achieved by mediating the interactions between tooth surfaces with free ions and biomimetic peptides. We recently developed octuplet repeats of aspartate-serine-serine (DSS-8) peptide, which occurs in high abundance in naturally occurring proteins that are critical for tooth remineralization. In this paper, we evaluated the possible role of DSS-8 in enamel remineralization.
Human enamel
specimens were demineralized, exposed briefly to DSS-8 solution, and then exposed to concentrated ionic solutions that favor remineralization.
Enamel nano-mechanical
behaviors, hardness and elastic modulus, at various stages of treatment were determined by nanoindentation. The phase, microstructure and morphology of the resultant surfaces were characterized using the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Nanoindentation results show that the DSS-8 remineralization effectively improves the mechanical and elastic properties for demineralized enamel.
Keywords: Enamel, Peptide, Nanoindentation, Remineralization
1.Introduction
Human enamel is a highly mineralized extracellular matrix including 96 % inorganic mineral and 4 % organic material and water. The inorganic enamel is a crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) with average thickness of 5 nm, and average crystal length of 20 nm. Although the hydroxyapatite crystal exhibits anisotropic properties, enamel achieves its remarkable hardness due to the three dimensional complex microarchitecture.1,2 Saliva and oral fluid continuously promote the deposition of minerals into the dental hard tissues, enamel and dentin. If the rate of acid-induced dissolving process caused by the oral bacteria is kinetically greater than that for mineral deposition process, dental caries occurs.3-4 Currently, the most common clinical treatment for dental caries is filling the diseased tissue with material that does not perform the biological functions of native tissue.
However, a preferable therapy is self-reconstruction by means of applying
biomaterials to promote regeneration of healthy biological tissue. Dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) is a highly acidic protein due to the high concentrations of phosphoserine (45-50 %) and aspartic acid (35-38 %) containing up to 90 % serine and is the most abundant non-collagenous extrace
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