Eg5 orchestrates porcine oocyte maturational progression by maintaining meiotic organelle arrangement
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Cell Division Open Access
RESEARCH
Eg5 orchestrates porcine oocyte maturational progression by maintaining meiotic organelle arrangement Yan Xie1,2, Minghui Cheng3, Shan Lu2, Qilong Yuan2, Dongyu Yang2, Ying Chen3, Chen Pan3, Yurong Qiu1* and Bo Xiong3*
Abstract Background: Kinesin superfamily proteins are microtubule-based molecular motors essential for the intracellular transport of various cargos, including organelles, proteins, and RNAs. However, their exact roles during mammalian oocyte meiosis have not been fully clarified. Results: Herein, we investigated the critical events during porcine oocyte meiotic maturation with the treatment of Eg5-specific inhibitor monastrol. We found that Eg5 inhibition resulted in oocyte meiotic failure by displaying the poor expansion of cumulus cells and reduced rate of polar body extrusion. In the meantime, the spindle assembly and chromosome alignment were compromised, accompanied by the decreased level of acetylated α-tubulin, indicative of less stable microtubules. Impaired actin dynamics and mitochondria integrity were also observed in Eg5-inhibited oocytes. Additionally, inhibition of Eg5 caused the abnormal distribution of cortical granules and ovastacin, a cortical granule component, potentially leading to the fertilization failure. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that Eg5 possesses an important function in porcine oocyte meiotic progression by regulating the organelle dynamics and arrangement. Keywords: Oocyte meiotic maturation, Spindle assembly, Actin dynamics, Mitochondrion integrity, Cortical granule Background To generate fertilizable female gametes, mammalian oocytes must undergo well-regulated meiotic maturation of both nucleus and cytoplasm, including resumption of meiosis, proper organelle assembly and arrangement, as well as first polar body extrusion [1]. Any errors during this process will lead to the failed meiotic progression. For example, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) guarantees proper cell cycle progression. Disorganized spindle apparatus would cause the activation of SAC which in turn induces the meiotic arrest. However, if the SAC activity is silenced, aneuploid eggs will be produced, *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China 3 College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
resulting in early embryonic lethality, abortion or birth defects [2]. In addition, the integrity of mitochondria and cortical granules are regarded as the critical sign of cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes [3–5]. Mitochondria provide the energy for oocyte development and cortical granules function for block to polyspermy [6, 7]. Both defects will disrupt oocyte meiotic maturation. The kinesin is a microtubule-based motor protein family consists of 14 distinct subclasses and more than 40 proteins in eukaryotic cells [8]. A large nu
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