Elaeocarpaceae
Trees to suffrutescent, sometimes ericoid; sometimes buttressed; bark without exudate; indumentum of simple hairs, sometimes gland-tipped or stellate. Leaves spirally arranged, distichous, opposite or rarely whorled, simple (rarely pinnatisect or pinnate
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Elaeocarpaceae M.J.E. COODE
Elaeocarpaceae Juss. ex DC., Essai Propr. Med. Pl., ed. 2: 87 {1816), 'Elaeocarpeae', nom. cons. Tremandraceae R. Br. ex DC. (1824), nom. cons.
A family comprising 12 genera and c. 550 species, widely distributed in tropica~ an~ war~ temperate southern regions but lackmg m continental Africa.
Trees to suffrutescent, sometimes ericoid; sometimes buttressed; bark without exudate; indumenVEGETATIVE MoRPHOLOGY. The family has some tum of simple hairs, sometimes gland-tipped or suffrutescent subshrubs, sometimes ericoid, and a stellate. Leaves spirally arranged, distichous, oppofew shrubs; most species are small to large trees. site or rarely whorled, simple (rarely pinnatis.ect There are occasional reports of epiphytes or or pinnate in juveniles), entire to ser~ate, venatwn scrambling shrubs (Elaeocarpus bilobatus). 1'._1any usually pinnate, ± trinerved at bas~ m Vallea and can have buttresses or prop-roots, sometimes in some Aristotelia and Sloanea; stipules present, (Sloanea and Elaeocarpus) very large. Terminaliaor 0 when colleters may occur. Flowers regular, branching ('modeled' Aubreville': Halle :t al.l97~) bisexual (unisexual in some Aristotelia and occurs sporadically in Sloanea and particularly m Elaeocarpus), solitary and axillary, in fascicles or Elaeocarpus. in terminal or axillary simple or compound inflorescences, either cymose or racemose; sepals VEGETATIVE ANATOMY. The reader is referred usually free, valvate, rarely imbricate at tip; petals to Metcalfe and Chalk (1950), Carlquist (1977), present (0 in some Sloanea), free, valvate at mserand Gasson (1996). The leaf epidermis is often tion and usually (induplicate-)valvate further up mucilaginous; the indumentum consists of unicelbut sometimes overlapping at apex (in some lular and glandular hairs; stellate hairs are found Sloanea variously fused even into a tube), usually in the tremandraceous genera. Stomata are paraexpanded and variously toothed or lobed, ~orne cytic or encyclocytic. Crystals are mostly. solitary. times entire and sepaloid; disk a toothed nng or Cork arises superficially. Nodes are tnlacunar. separate lobes or pulvinate or flat-topped, or. 0; Sieve element plastids are of the Ss type. In the stamens 4-300, free, inserted on or above the disk wood, growth rings are usu~lly discerna~le; or around free disk-lobes, filaments shorter to vessels are often in radial multiples. PerforatiOn longer than the anthers, anthers basifixed, plates are mainly simple b.ut sometimes. are tetrasporangiate, opening at apex by 1-2 po~es accompanied by some scalanform perforatw?s. (sometimes extended into a tube) or short shts Vessel ray pitting has reduced borders and vanes (sometimes extending to base), connective somefrom circular to elongated (vertical, oblique, or times extended ('awned'); ovary superior, syncarscalariform). Fibre-tracheids are absent, but libripous (internal fusion sometimes incomplete at form fibres are generally present; they are someapex); loculi 2-8(9); ovules 1-30/loculus, pen~u times septat
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