Electroacupuncture alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain in rats by suppressing P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal root g
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Electroacupuncture alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain in rats by suppressing P2X3 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia Xueyu Fei 1 & Xiaofen He 1 & Zhaoxia Tai 1 & Hanzhi Wang 2 & Siying Qu 2 & Luhang Chen 1 & Qunqi Hu 2 & Jianqiao Fang 1 & Yongliang Jiang 1 Received: 17 July 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a troublesome diabetes complication all over the world. P2X3 receptor (P2X3R), a purinergic receptor from dorsal root ganglion (DRG), has important roles in neuropathic pain pathology and nociceptive sensations. Here, we investigated the involvement of DRG P2X3R and the effect of 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) on DNP. We monitored the rats’ body weight, fasting blood glucose level, paw withdrawal thresholds, and paw withdrawal latency, and evaluated P2X3R expression in DRG. We found that P2X3R expression is upregulated on DNP, while 2 Hz EA is analgesic against DNP and suppresses P2X3R expression in DRG. To evaluate P2X3R involvement in pain modulation, we then treated the animals with A317491, a P2X3R specific antagonist, or α β-me ATP, a P2X3R agonist. We found that A317491 alleviates hyperalgesia, while α β-me ATP blocks EA’s analgesic effects. Our findings indicated that 2 Hz EA alleviates DNP, possibly by suppressing P2X3R upregulation in DRG. Keywords Diabetic neuropathic pain . Streptozotocin . Electroacupuncture . P2X3 receptor . DRG
Abbreviations DNP Diabetic neuropathic pain P2X3R P2X3 receptor DRG Dorsal root ganglion ATP Adenosine 5′-triphosphate STZ Streptozotocin FBG Fasting blood glucose BW Bodyweight EA Electroacupuncture PWL Paw withdrawal latency PWT Paw withdrawal threshold PSN Persistent spontaneous nociception
Xueyu Fei and Xiaofen He contributed equally to this work. * Jianqiao Fang [email protected] * Yongliang Jiang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
2
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
Introduction There are about 415 million diabetes cases worldwide, and the number is projected to rise to about 700 million by 2045 [1]. The global burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) severely affects quality of life and imposes tremendous healthcare burdens. Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common, troublesome diabetes complication that affects 11–21% of diabetics [2] and is associated with numbness, spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia [3, 4]. DNP management is usually by analgesics, including pregabalin, duloxetine, and opioids [5, 6], but these are not always effective. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying DNP is needed. P2X3 receptor (P2X3R) belongs to the purinergic receptor (P2X) family and is highly expressed in the small- and medium-diameter sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) [7–9]. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) releasing from dam
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