Electrocaloric Materials New Generation of Coolers
Since the 1997 Kyoto protocol of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the development of novel refrigerators has been a priority within the scientific community. Although magnetocaloric materials are promising candidates, they still need a large magneti
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Tatiana Correia Qi Zhang Editors
Electrocaloric Materials New Generation of Coolers
Engineering Materials Volume 34
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/4288
Tatiana Correia Qi Zhang •
Editors
Electrocaloric Materials New Generation of Coolers
123
Editors Tatiana Correia National Physical Laboratory Teddington Middlesex UK
ISSN 1612-1317 ISBN 978-3-642-40263-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-40264-7
Qi Zhang Microsystems and Nanotechnology Centre Cranfield University Cranfield UK
ISSN 1868-1212 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-642-40264-7 (eBook)
Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013953249 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The electrocaloric effect was discovered in 1930 by Kobeko and Kurchatov. This was not an accidental discovery; the magnetocaloric effect was already well known, and those scientists were motivated to look for an electrical analog that seemed likely based upon symmetry considerations. Historically, this has an interesting peripheral aspect: I. Kurchatov later became director of the Soviet atom bomb project. This fact is often obscured by the fact that the original KobekoKurchatov paper was published in German with names tra
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