Electron Microscopy of the Surface of Dental Implants and Metal-Containing Nanoparticles Obtained in Supernatants
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Electron Microscopy of the Surface of Dental Implants and Metal-Containing Nanoparticles Obtained in Supernatants O. M. Zhigalinaa,b,*, D. N. Khmelenina, V. V. Labisc, E. A. Bazikyanc, S. V. Sizovad, S. V. Khaidukovd, V. E. Asadchikova, A. V. Buzmakova, Yu. S. Krivonosova, D. A. Zolotova, and I. G. Kozlove a Shubnikov
Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics,” Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333 Russia b Bauman State Technical University, Moscow, 107005 Russia c Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, 127473 Russia d Shemyakin‒Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia e Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Moscow, 117997 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received February 7, 2019; revised February 11, 2019; accepted February 25, 2019
Abstract—The surface of two dental implant systems, “Nobel Biocare” and “Alpha BiO”, and metal-containing nanoparticles, isolated from the tissues surrounding dental implants, has been investigated. The implant surface structure, the elemental and phase composition of particles, and their arrangement in the granulation tissue have been studied by X-ray tomography, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, z-contrast scanning transmission microscopy, electron diffraction, and energy-dispersive mapping, using microscopes Quanta 200-3D, FEI Тechnai Osiris at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV, and an X-ray microtomograph TOMAC. An analysis of the relief indicates that the emission of nanoparticles from the “Alpha BiO” implant surface to the adjacent tissues is more likely than from the “Nobel Biocare” implant surface. The particles of micrometer and submicrometer sizes of “Nobel Biocare” implants are found to consist mainly of titanium dioxide of both modifications, rutile and anatase, whereas in the case of “Alpha BiO” implants, along with titanium dioxide and titanium nitride, there are aluminum oxides in the particle composition. The elemental composition of nanoparticles is more diverse; it includes Fe, Ca, Na, Cl, S, Si, P, etc. It is revealed that microbial contamination does not always play the leading role in the suppression of previously obtained osteointegration. DOI: 10.1134/S1063774519050262
INTRODUCTION The occurrence of inflammatory complications during long-term operation of dental implants (DIs) is related to the development of such pathological states as mucositis and periimplantitis. The pathogenesis of these complications, concerning the role of the immunological component in the development of sharp and chronic inflammation, remains unstudied. Hence, investigations aimed at revealing the true (biologically justified) reasons must be performed. Despite the existence of standardized preparation technologies for DIs, the application practice reveals a personalized clinical pattern of their long-term use, which may manifest itself as a nonuniform loss of
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