Electrostatic gating of hybrid halide perovskite field-effect transistors: balanced ambipolar transport at room-temperat
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Research Letters
Electrostatic gating of hybrid halide perovskite field-effect transistors: balanced ambipolar transport at room-temperature Y. Mei† and O.D. Jurchescu, Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109 C. Zhang† and Z.V. Vardeny, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 Address all correspondence Z.V. Vardeny, O.D. Jurchescu at [email protected]; [email protected] (Received 29 March 2015; accepted 16 April 2015)
Abstract The hybrid halide perovskites combine the low-cost processing characteristics of organic materials with the performance factors of inorganic compounds. Recently the power conversion efficiencies of perovskite photovoltaic solar cells have reached a respective value of ∼20%. The charge transport properties were indirectly approximated in these compounds because of lack of available field-effect transistors (FETs). Here we report the fabrication and room-temperature operation of FETs based on the hybrid perovskites. We obtained balanced electron and hole transport with mobilities of ∼1 cm2/ Vs. We also found that the yield, as well as the operational and environmental stability of the fabricated transistors is limited.
Inorganic perovskite materials have attracted significant research effort given their rich physical properties that includes high-temperature superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance, ferroelectricity, diverse magnetic properties, etc.[1,2] Their structure has the general formula ABX3, where the cation B resides in the center of the corner sharing BX6 octahedra, the X anions occupy the corners; whereas cation A is surrounded by eight such octahedra (see, for example, SrTiO3, YMnO3, YVO3, and LaMnO3). The newest member of the perovskite family, namely the organic–inorganic perovskites, have recently emerged as an intriguing class of materials, which combine the low-cost processing and versatility characteristics to organic materials with the performance factors of inorganic compounds.[3,4] In particular, organo-lead halide perovskites (A+PbX3), where A+ is the organic cation and X denotes the halogen atom, have quickly become one of the hottest topics of research these days, in spite of the concerns related to the environmental hazard posed by the lead component. For example, the power conversion efficiency of hybrid perovskite photovoltaic (PV) solar cells has exceeded 19%,[5] and the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on these compounds rival the best on the market.[6] In addition, hybrid perovskite semiconductors exhibit wavelength-tunable photoluminescence (PL) emission,[7] laser action,[8] and charge carrier diffusion lengths of the order of hundreds of micrometers.[9] Surprisingly, these compounds also show interesting spin-related properties, including
† Authors contributed equally to the work.
magneto-photocurrent, magneto-electroluminescence, and magneto-PL, in spite of their fast spin relaxation that is due to the strong spin–orbit coupling.[10,11] The hybrid perovskites based o
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