Electrosynthesis of Ti 5 Si 3 , Ti 5 Si 3 /TiC, and Ti 5 Si 3 /Ti 3 SiC 2 from Ti-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag in Molten C
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I.
INTRODUCTION
RECENTLY, Ti5Si3, Ti5Si3/TiC, and Ti5Si3/Ti3SiC2 have attracted increasing attention due to their specific physical and chemical properties. Ti5Si3 has been
SHANGSHU LI, KAI ZHENG, XIONGGANG LU, XIN LI, and QIAN XU are with the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] XINGLI ZOU is with the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University and also with the Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712. Contact e-mail: [email protected] CHAOYI CHEN is with the School of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China. ZHONGFU ZHOU is with the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University and also with the Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3BZ, UK. Manuscript submitted March 10, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
considered as a promising candidate for high-temperature structural applications and wear-resistant coating material for surface protection because of its high melting temperature [2403 K (2130 C)], low density (4.32 g/cm3), high hardness, and excellent chemical stability.[1–4] In addition, Ti5Si3 matrix composites have been investigated to improve the fracture toughness of Ti5Si3, and Ti5Si3/TiC composite is an appropriate Ti5Si3 matrix composite due to the good match between the thermal expansion coefficients of Ti5Si3 and TiC.[5,6] Ternary titanium silicon carbide Ti3SiC2 combines many merits of both metals and ceramics, such as good thermal and electrical conductivity, readily machinability, low density (4.53 g/cm3), and high strength.[7–9] However, the application of monolithic Ti3SiC2 is limited owing to its low hardness and poor wear resistance. In order to overcome these disadvantages, Ti5Si3/Ti3SiC2 composite has been studied and the composite exhibits higher hardness and improved wear resistance compared to the monolithic Ti3SiC2.[10] Generally, Ti5Si3, Ti5Si3/TiC, and Ti5Si3/Ti3SiC2 can be prepared by various methods, i.e., hot pressing (HP), spark plasma sintering (SPS), and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS).[10–25] However, these
Table I.
Chemical Composition of the Ti-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag
Component
TiO2
SiO2
CaO
Al2O3
MgO
Total FeOx
MnO
Wt pct
21.03
25.01
29.50
10.81
10.39
2.59
0.67
methods generally require high energy costs and ultrapure precursors, such as Ti, Si, and SiC. In 2000, Chen et al. first proposed that solid metal oxides can be directly reduced to metals by using the FFC Cambridge process in molten salts.[26] This electrochemical method provides a simple and e
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