Elimination of Diurnal, Annual, and Solar Variations in the Matrix Observations of the URAGAN Muon Hodoscope
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ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS Experiment
Elimination of Diurnal, Annual, and Solar Variations in the Matrix Observations of the URAGAN Muon Hodoscope I. I. Astapov1), 2) , A. D. Gvishiani1), 3) , V. G. Getmanov1), 3) , A. N. Dmitrieva1), 2) , M. N. Dobrovolsky1), A. A. Kovylyaeva1), 2) , R. V. Sidorov1)* , A. A. Soloviev1), 3) , V. E. Chinkin1), 4) , and I. I. Yashin1), 2) Received July 25, 2019; revised July 25, 2019; accepted July 25, 2019
Abstract—A method for elimination of periodical diurnal, annual, and 27-day and 11-year solar variations in the matrix observations of the URAGAN muon hodoscope was developed. The analysis of the parameters of these variations in the time and frequency domains was performed. Two-dimensional bandpass filtering of sequences of muon hodoscope matrix observations was implemented. The structure of a two-dimensional filter is developed, based on the operation of elementwise matrix multiplications and additions. Examples of eliminating variations in the URAGAN muon hodoscope matrix observations are discussed. DOI: 10.1134/S1063778819660050
1. INTRODUCTION The elimination of periodic components in the sequences of matrix observations is in demand for many applications of experimental physics related to the separation of processes of different scales in time and space. For example, this procedure is applied: in the analysis of periodical secular and seasonal processes of ice formation in the polar regions; in considering the effect of cyclic solar activity on slow climatic changes in given regions of the Earth’s surface; in separation of tidal modulations and sea level wind surges in aerial photographs, etc. Here an application is discussed, related to the task of processing the periodical muon fluxes (MF) variations in the URAGAN MH [1, 2] matrix observation data. Two-dimensional filtering, implemented here, refers to the growing field of digital signal processing [3, 4]. MF, reaching the MH aperture-type detector, are subject to temporal and spatial variations [5] which can be divided into: periodical, related to the Earth’s daily rotation; annual, caused by the Earth’s motion in the solar orbit; solar—due to the 11-year activity cycle and the 27-day one caused by the Sun’s rotation [6]; and aperiodical, from Forbush decreases
[7] and the atmosphere’s impact [8, 9]. This article substantially developed the results described in the publication [10]. 2. MH DATA ANALYSIS IN TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DOMAINS The judgment on diurnal, 27-day, annual and 11year components in matrix data from MH can be made based on temporal and spectral analysis of MH data.
2.1. Spatial Domain Analysis Let us analyze the oscillatory components in the data from MH using the temporal domain analysis. Let Ma (i, j, T k) be the sequence of matrix hourly data, where i = 1, ..., N1 , j = 1, ..., N2 , and N1 , N2 are the MH aperture-type detector dimensions, and k = 1, ..., kf represents the time interval. We introduce the averaged muon flux intensity S(T k), whose physical significance is obvious: S(T k) =
N2 N1 1 Ma
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