Elucidation of structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Cd/Ni-doped strontium hexaferrite
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Elucidation of structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Cd/ Ni‑doped strontium hexaferrite T. Jayakumar1 · C. Ramachandra Raja1 · S. Arumugam2 Received: 9 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Cd/Ni-substituted strontium hexaferrite S rFe12−2xCdxNixO19 (for x = 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2) has been prepared via sol–gel method. The synthesized samples have been sintered at 950 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) results establishes the single-phase magnetoplumbite structure. Lattice parameters (a and c), cell volume (Vcell), and crystallite size (D) have been determined. The magnetic characteristics such as saturation magnetization (Ms), retentive magnetization (Mr), and coercive field (Hc) have also been determined from VSM data (hysteresis loop). The value of Ms increases, and Mr and Hc decreases with increase in dopant concentration. FT-IR and Raman analysis establishes the metal–oxygen vibrations present in various sites. UV– Vis–NIR spectra reveals that the synthesized samples are transparent in the entire visible region and hence they can be used in optoelectronic applications. The study reveals that Cd/Ni-substituted strontium hexaferrites are suitable candidates for optoelectronic devices, microwave devices, and recording media.
1 Introduction In recent years, MFe12O19 (M = Ba, Sr, and Pb) hexaferrite have attracted scientific interest as these offer favorable technological applications in various fields [1–5]. This is because of their unique properties of large magnetic anisotropy, good chemical stability, electrical corrosion resistivity, and mechanical hardness [6–9]. Recently, several core-structured nanocomposites have been reported for high-performance microwave absorbers [10, 11]. The influence of nickel substitution on strontium hexaferrite is already reported [12]. Various attempts have been made by the researchers to replace barium and strontium sites by Ce, Al, Zn, and Cd and reported [13–16]. Magnetic properties of strontium hexaferrites have been studied by replacing Sr and Fe together with Zr–Cd, Ni–Cr, Cr–Zn, Co–Zr, La–Cu, and La–Zn metal ions [17–21]. By incorporating these ions in Sr–Fe sites, the magnetic and electrical properties have been improved. As there is no report on the Ni–Cd substitution on strontium hexaferrite, in this work, an attempt has been * C. Ramachandra Raja [email protected] 1
Government Arts College (Autonomous) [Affiliated to Bharathidasan University], Kumbakonam 612002, India
Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620 024, India
2
made to synthesize and analyze Ni/Cd-substituted strontium hexaferrite. Also, the magnetic properties largely depend on the synthesis technique. Several synthesis routes have been followed to prepare strontium hexaferrite such as hydrothermal, glass crystallization, co-precipitation, high-energy ball milling, water–oil micro emulsion method, and sol–gel auto combustion [22–26]. Except sol–gel method, the
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