Emerging Antineoplastic Plant-Based Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis: A Mechanistic Exploration of their Anticancer Activity
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Emerging Antineoplastic Plant-Based Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis: A Mechanistic Exploration of their Anticancer Activity Toward Cervical Cancer Cells Ashapurna Khatua1 • Abhinav Prasad1 • Eepsita Priyadarshini1 • Amiya Kumar Patel2 • Aparupa Naik2 Muthupandian Saravanan3 • Hamed Barabadi4 • llora Ghosh1 • Bernard Paul5 • Rajamani Paulraj1 • Ramovatar Meena1
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Received: 26 October 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract In this work, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesised using the fresh leaves extract of Pongamia pinnata (PLE) and characterized using various analytical techniques such as UV–visible spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, EDX, and XRD. UV– Visible spectra showed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks in the range of 520–540 nm signifying the synthesis of colloidal AuNPs stabilised by PLE. Further, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of AuNPs against human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). MTT assay screened IC50 value of 200 lg/mL at 24 h for AuNPs formed at varying HAuCl4 concentration. Flow cytometry measurements using H2DCFDA showed that the toxicity of AuNPs was attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Besides, the in vitro anticancer activities of AuNPs were studied in HeLa cells by several assays which resulted in altered cell morphology, reduced potential of wound healing, inactive mitochondria due to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell cycle arrest. AuNPs showed dose-dependent selective toxicity towards HeLa cells and were non-toxic against human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293). The study revealed an efficient, ecofriendly and simple method for synthesis of multifunctional AuNPs using green synthetic approach with high anticancer potential for cervical cancer cell line. Keywords Gold nanoparticles Green synthesis Anticancer activity Reactive oxygen species Mitochondrial membrane potential Cell cycle analysis
Introduction Nanotechnology is commonly defined as the science of nanoscale dealing with the particles in the range of 1 to 100 nm with considerable potentials in different fields including biology, medicine, food, physics, chemistry, & Muthupandian Saravanan [email protected]; [email protected] & Ramovatar Meena [email protected] 1
2
School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
electronics, etc. [1, 2]. Nanotechnology provides new opportunities for pharmaceutical applications due to the specific behavior of nanomaterials compared to their parent bulk [1, 3, 4]. Recently, AuNPs have attracted highlighted interest for their significant anticancer activities [5, 6]. AuNPs have unique physiochemical properties namely 3
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, 1871 Mekelle, Ethiopia
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Behesh
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