Emerging impact of the long noncoding RNA MIR22HG on proliferation and apoptosis in multiple human cancers
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(2020) 39:271
REVIEW
Open Access
Emerging impact of the long noncoding RNA MIR22HG on proliferation and apoptosis in multiple human cancers Le Zhang†, Cuixia Li† and Xiulan Su*
Abstract An increasing number of studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, chromatin remodeling, metabolism and immune escape. Clinically, the expression of MIR22HG is increased in many human tumors (colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, and thyroid carcinoma), while in others (esophageal adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma), it is significantly decreased. Moreover, MIR22HG has been reported to function as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), be involved in signaling pathways, interact with proteins and interplay with miRNAs as a host gene to participate in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In this review, we describe the biological functions of MIR22HG, reveal its underlying mechanisms for cancer regulation, and highlight the potential role of MIR22HG as a novel cancer prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target that can increase the efficacy of immunotherapy and targeted therapy for cancer treatment. Keywords: Long noncoding RNAs, MIR22HG, Tumorigenesis, Therapeutic target
Background With the development of genome-wide sequencing technology, there is a deeper understanding of the transcriptomes of organisms. It is currently believed that > 90% of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the human genome play important biological roles, whereas they were previously considered “transcriptional noise” or “transcriptional waste” [1, 2]. Depending on their length, ncRNAs can be divided into two classes, small noncoding RNAs (ncRNA < 200 nt), including miRNAs, siRNAs, and piRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs > 200 nt), both of which lack the ability to encode proteins [3]. An increasing number of studies have shown that lncRNAs play important roles in regulating important cell biological functions, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, * Correspondence: [email protected] † Le Zhang and Cuixia Li contributed equally to the manuscript. Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 1 Tong Dao Street, Huimin District, Inner Mongolia 010050 Hohhot, China
migration, invasion, drug resistance and the immune response [4, 5]. In addition, the abnormal expression of lncRNAs, such as MALAT1, HOTAIR, H19 and TUG1, is closely related to the occurrence and development of various malignant tumors [6, 7]. This article summarizes the related research reports on MIR22HG in common tumors, summarizes its biological functions and potential mechanisms in tumors, and provides clues for its application in diagnosis, efficacy and prognosis. LncRNAs are regulatory RNAs with a length greater than 200 nt and lack protein-coding potential. Increasing evidence has shown that lncRNAs regulate the molecular processes of tumors at the transcriptional, translational, and epigenet
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