Emission factors of some common grass species in West Africa
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Emission factors of some common grass species in West Africa Khadijat Abdulkareem Abdulraheem & Jamiu Adetayo Adeniran & Adeniyi Saheed Aremu & Muhammad-Najeeb O. Yusuf & Jeleel Adekunle Adebisi & Nusirat Aderinsola Sadiku & Oluwatosin Onaopemipo Olofintoye & Abubakar Ismail & Jacob Ademola Sonibare
Received: 27 August 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Frequent burnings occurring in the grasslands of the West African region during the dry seasons largely contribute to emissions of trace gases and particulates being released into the ambient environment, which has significantly impacted both regional and global climate patterns. Burning potentials of forty different grassland biomes were examined by determining their Net Heating Value (NHV) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Simulations of the field operations which involve open burning were performed in the laboratory using a fabricated combustion chamber for the determination of emission factors. Particulates were collected using Whatman quartz fibre filters and analyzed gravimetrically. Emissions of gaseous pollutants from open burning of these common grass species were measured with portable devices. The values of the NHV and TOC of the grass species ranged
from 15,022.19 to 18,181.84 kJ/kg and 21.14 to 55.62%, respectively. The average Emission Factors (EFs) obtained for carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and PM2.5 are 1465.55 g/kg, 40.99 g/kg, 0.39 g/kg, 0.02 g/kg, 7.78 g/kg, and 6.00 g/ kg, respectively. The study has shown that Digitaria nuda, Digitaria eriantha, Panicum subalbidum, Paspalum polystratchyum, and Perotis indica have the highest emission factors for CO2, CO, SO2, NO2, VOC, and PM2.5, respectively. The result obtained would help in the quantification of the global warming forcing on the climate in the West African region from grassland burnings. The results will potentially serve as additional information for emission inventories and basis for the formulation of mitigation strategies.
K. A. Abdulraheem : A. S. Aremu : O. O. Olofintoye Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
J. A. Adebisi Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
K. A. Abdulraheem : A. Ismail Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
N. A. Sadiku Department of Forest Resources and Management, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
J. A. Adeniran : M. Tristachyideae > Andropogoneae > Paniceae > Eragrostideae > Cynodonteae. For CO2, the order is Eragrostideae > Paniceae > Paspaleae > Cynodonteae > Andropogoneae > Tristachyideae. The range of EFs is within the same range across the tribes, which could be attributed to the similar burning conditions applied to all even though the compositions of each grass tribe cannot be ignored. For EF for SO2, sulphur content in the grass species is the determining factor
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