Emotional responses to watching and touching 3d emotional face in a virtual environment
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Emotional responses to watching and touching 3d emotional face in a virtual environment Muhammad Hassan Jamil1 · Wanjoo Park1 · Mohamad Eid1 Received: 27 August 2019 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Facial expressions play a crucial role in modulating the emotional responses in the viewers. Touch is an important factor in shaping human emotions and social communication. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of viewing and touching a virtual emotional face on the emotional responses of a viewer/toucher. In the case of touching the model, the effects of physical properties, namely stiffness and texture, are examined. Emotional facial expressions for neutrality, anger, fear, disgust, happiness, surprise, and sadness are developed and experimentally validated for the visual stimuli whereas four combinations of stiffness/texture properties are examined for the physical properties (low/high stiffness and smooth/rough texture). 25 participants viewed and touched the virtual emotional face and reported their respective emotional responses. The results showed that watching angry, happy, surprised, and sad faces significantly increased their anger, happiness, surprise, and sadness levels, respectively (p
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