Emotional Suppression Tendencies as Predictors of Symptoms, Mood, and Coping Appraisals During AC Chemotherapy for Breas
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Emotional Suppression Tendencies as Predictors of Symptoms, Mood, and Coping Appraisals During AC Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Treatment Melanie C. Schlatter, Ph.D. & Linda D. Cameron, Ph.D.
Published online: 21 July 2010 # The Society of Behavioral Medicine 2010
Abstract Tendencies to suppress negative emotions have been shown to predict adjustment to cancer and cancer progression. We examined whether emotional suppression, in terms of both general and emotion-specific tendencies, predict symptom reports, mood states, and coping appraisals during adriamycin/doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide/ cytoxan chemotherapy for breast cancer. Forty participants completed a measure yielding scores for anxiety suppression, anger suppression, depression suppression, and total emotional suppression. They then reported their experiences of 34 physical symptoms, mood, and coping efficacy on a daily basis for the duration of treatment (84 days). Mixed model analyses revealed that emotional suppression predicted lower reports of symptoms that are vague, well-known, and potentially embarrassing side effects of chemotherapy (e.g., fatigue and constipation). Emotional suppression and particularly anger suppression predicted higher reports of symptoms relating to immune function and cardiovascular arousal (e.g., mouth sores and heart palpitations) and with appraisals of poorer coping. The three suppression tendencies exhibited distinctive patterns of relationships with symptoms, mood, and coping appraisals, suggesting that anxiety suppression, anger suppression, and depression suppression have partially independent relationships with symptomatic and mood processes. The findings highlight the potential importance of emotional suppression for understanding symptom and coping responses during chemotherapy.
M. C. Schlatter : L. D. Cameron (*) Department of Psychology (Tamaki Campus), The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Breast cancer . Emotional control . Emotion regulation . Chemotherapy . Side effects Dispositional tendencies to suppress negative emotions have been associated with poor adjustment to cancer experiences and cancer progression [1–4]. These findings suggest that emotional suppression influences self-regulation efforts to manage cancer experiences in ways that undermine psychological and physiological processes involved in adjustment and cancer control. A particularly challenging aspect of the cancer experience is coping with chemotherapy and its symptomatic side effects. Identifying predictors of chemotherapy symptom experiences is important for developing ways to improve tolerance and well-being during the treatment cycles. Moreover, as some chemotherapy symptoms reflect variations in immunocompetence [5, 6], psychological predictors of these symptoms may be indicative of psychological processes influencing immune responses to chemotherapy. In this study, we assessed the role of emotional suppression tendenci
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