Endophyte mediated activation of defense enzymes in banana plants pre-immunized with covert endophytes
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Endophyte mediated activation of defense enzymes in banana plants pre‑immunized with covert endophytes Ajit Kumar Savani1 · Ashok Bhattacharyya1 · Ananya Baruah2 Received: 17 October 2019 / Revised: 30 April 2020 / Accepted: 12 May 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Fusarium oxysporum is typically a soil-borne fungus which causes major economic loss by inducing necrosis and wilting symptoms in many plants. Management of Fusarium wilt is achieved mainly by the use of chemical fungicides which adversely affects the soil health. Efficacy of chemical fungicide is often limited due to polyphyletic nature of the pathogen. Our study is aimed to assess the potential and ability of endophytes isolated from banana to activate innate plant immune responses. In the present study, it was observed that accumulation of defense related enzymes such as Peroxidase (PO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) has been increased in plantlets that were treated with a mixture of endophytic inoculum such as Trichoderma reesei (UH EF), Polyporus vinctus (AAU EF) and Sphingobacterium tabacisoli (UH EB). Moreover, it was also observed that compared to individual inoculum treatments, treatments with a mixture of inoculums were found more effective in managing Fusarium wilt disease under in vivo conditions. Based on these results, it is concluded that the consortia of Trichoderma reesei (UH EF), Polyporus vinctus (AAU EF) and Sphingobacterium tabacisoli (UH EB) could be a promising biological control agent that can trigger systemic resistance against Fusarium wilt of banana in susceptible cv. Rasthali (Malbhog) planlets. Keywords Banana · Trichoderma reesei · Polyporus vinctus · Trigger resistance · Fusarium wilt · Endophytes
Introduction Banana is a tropical evergreen perennial and the species are distributed mostly in the geographical regions experiencing tropical to subtropical humid climate. It was also known that, India is the world’s largest contributor of bananas (Musa sp.) in a global level (Lescot 2015). Banana is rich in nutritional source is the major food crop for millions of people and is an important export commodity crop of many countries. Recently, the whole genome of banana has been sequenced. D’Hont et al. (2012) have sequenced the 523 Megabase (Mb) genome of DH-Pahang, a doubled haploid M. acuminata genotype (2n = 22) and identified 36,542 protein-coding gene models. This would help us in a better understanding the genetics of many agronomic traits. * Ajit Kumar Savani [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, India
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat 785013, India
2
Banana generally faces stress both in biotic and abiotic forms, among them Fusarium wilt disease is known to affect the crop globally. Fusarium wilt disease which is caused by the soil borne asexual fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fox) is the major threat to not only banana production, b
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