Endothelial progenitor/stem cells in engineered vessels for vascular transplantation
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TISSUE ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTS AND CELL SUBSTRATES Original Research
Endothelial progenitor/stem cells in engineered vessels for vascular transplantation Durai Murugan Muniswami 1,2 L. Vinod Kumar Reddy1 Soosai Manickam Amirtham3 Sandhya Babu4 Arunai Nambi Raj1 Dwaipayan Sen1 Geetha Manivasagam1 ●
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Received: 17 April 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background: Dysfunction of blood vessel leads to aneurysms, myocardial infarction and other thrombosis conditions. Current treatment strategies are transplantation of blood vessels from one part of the body to other dysfunction area, or allogenic, synthetic. Due to shortage of the donor, painful dissection, and lack of efficacy in synthetic, there is a need for alternative to native blood vessels for transplantation. Methods: Human umbilical-cord tissue obtained from the hospital with the informed consent. Umbilical-cord blood vessels were isolated for decellularization and to establish endothelial cell culture. Cultured cells were characterized by immunophenotype, gene expression and in vitro angiogenesis assay. Decellularized blood vessels were recellularized with the endothelial progenitors and Wharton jelly, CL MSCs (1:1), which was characterized by MTT, biomechanical testing, DNA content, SEM and histologically. Bioengineered vessels were transplanted into the animal models to evaluate their effect. Results: Cultured cells express CD31 and CD14 determining endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). EPCs expresses various factors such as angiopoitin1, VWF, RANTES, VEGF, BDNF, FGF1, FGF2, HGF, IGF, GDNF, NGF, PLGF, NT3, but fail to express NT4, EGF, and CNTF. Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine expressions were noticed. Functionally, these EPCs elicit in vitro tube formation. Negligible DNA content and intact ECM confirms the efficient decellularization of tissue. The increased MTT activity in recellularized tissue determines proliferating cells and biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Moreover, significant (P < 0.05) increase in maximum force and tensile of recellularized biomaterial as compared to the decellularized scaffolds. Integration of graft with host tissue, suggesting biocompatible therapeutic biomaterial with cells. Conclusion: EPCs with stem cells in engineered blood vessels could be therapeutically applicable in vascular surgery. Graphical Abstract
* Durai Murugan Muniswami [email protected]
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Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, India
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Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular & Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT, Vellore, India
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Sandhya Hospital, Vellore 632009, India
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Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
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Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine (2020)31:119
1 Introduction The blood vessel carries blood and nourishes all the tissue of the body. Dysfunction of the blood vessels can lead to
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