Energy Efficient Thermal Management of Data Centers
Energy Efficient Thermal Management of Data Centers examines energy flow in today's data centers. Particular focus is given to the state-of-the-art thermal management and thermal design approaches now being implemented across the multiple length scales in
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Yogendra Joshi Editors
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Pramod Kumar
Energy Efficient Thermal Management of Data Centers
Editors Yogendra Joshi G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA
Pramod Kumar G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA
ISBN 978-1-4419-7123-4 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7124-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7124-1 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012931944 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Within the past decade, data centers have taken on an increasingly central role in the progress of two parallel areas of burgeoning global societal interest: Internet delivered information technology (IT) services and telecommunications. The terms data centers or server farms have been widely, and interchangeably, used to describe large facilities, sometimes over 40,000 m2 of floor space, that house computing and storage equipment for IT, and switching equipment for telecommunications. Larger facilities require electrical power delivery in the range of tens of MW, which is converted into heat by the equipment. The need for keeping data centers operational with no downtime for many critical applications, such as banking, electronic commerce, stock transactions, and mobile communications, necessitates deploying significant redundancy in the power delivery and cooling associated with these mission critical facilities. Effective thermal management of data centers is thus essential for their proper operation and has been a key focus since the design of the earliest facilities. As computing capabilities advance, heat dissipations within IT cabinets have increased from a few kW to well over 20 kW within the past decade, particularly in high-performance server cabinets. To enable the successful deployment of this hardware, significant advances in cooling technologies, such as the use of indirect or direct liquid cooling, have also taken place. The increasing cost of energy has brought a new focus to the design and operation of data centers. A 2007 report to the US Congress showed that the use of electricity by data centers had doubled from 2000 to 2005 in the USA, and s
