Energy Harvesting Using Shoe Embedded with Piezoelectric Material
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08401-6 Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Energy Harvesting Using Shoe Embedded with Piezoelectric Material PARUL CHAUDHARY
1,2,3
and PUNEET AZAD1,4
1.—Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110058, India. 2.—University School of Information, Communication and Technology, GGSIP University, Delhi 110078, India. 3.—e-mail: [email protected]. 4.—e-mail: [email protected]
We have investigated the effect of the position and dimension of piezoelectric buzzers embedded in shoe soles on energy harvesting. The force and pressure generated by different types of shoes and heels were measured using plantar measurement systems. A Kistler force plate and zebris force distribution measurement provided precise values and locations of the force and pressure exerted by the foot on the sole. The position and area of buzzers inside the sole of the shoes resulted in a significant increase in electrical outputs. A maximum open-circuit voltage of 38 V, short circuit current of 33 lA, and harvested energy of 296.8 lJ cm3 were found across a 100-lf capacitor for a wedge-heeled shoe. The open-circuit voltage in the wedge-heel type of shoe improved by more than five times when the pressure is changed from the heel to the toe and area of the buzzer is increased. Similarly, the energy stored across a 100-lF capacitor also improved by five times for the same shoe. Furthermore, the short circuit current improved by three times when the shoe was changed from a wedge heel to a block heel. The results indicate that this technique can be used to power wearable electronics and sensors. Key words: Piezoelectric, energy harvesting, shoe sole, heel height, Kistler force plate, zebris force distribution measurement (FDM) system
INTRODUCTION Intensive research has been carried out to design energy harvesters that can exploit ambient energy sources using various techniques, such as solar,1,2 piezoelectric,3,4 triboelectric,5-10 pyroelectric,11-14 and thermoelectric.15 Among these mechanisms, piezoelectricity has been widely investigated due to its effective power density with a relatively small displacement. The internal structure of piezoelectric materials lack a center of symmetry, and electrical signals are easily generated due to deformation in any direction. These materials are rigid, fragile, and chemically stable with a high melting point, which makes them suitable for energy harvesting.16
(Received January 25, 2020; accepted August 6, 2020)
Piezoelectric materials embedded in shoes have been widely used to harvest biomechanical energy while walking or running. The direction of the stress applied in these materials relative to a welldefined polar axis greatly affects the performance of energy harvesting. The polar axis presents the ‘‘3’’ direction, while the other two perpendicular directions are referred to as the ‘‘1’’ direction. The applied stress along these directions results in 33 and 31 modes. In the d33 mod
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