Energy insecurity, pollution mitigation, and renewable energy integration: prospective of wind energy in Ghana
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Energy insecurity, pollution mitigation, and renewable energy integration: prospective of wind energy in Ghana Huaping Sun 1,2 & Abdul Razzaq Khan 3 & Ahmed Bashir 3 & David Ajene Alemzero 1 & Qaiser Abbas 4 & Hermas Abudu 5 Received: 5 March 2020 / Accepted: 11 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Wind energy is seen as an important energy to sustainably meet the energy needs of Ghana. However, the industry in Ghana is yet to take off due to policy uncertainty and regulatory costs. The paper analyzed the key determinants and how they interact to impact the scaling up of wind energy in Ghana, using time series data, the vector auto regression (VAR) model from 2013 to 2019.There were four endogenous variables, grouped under policy, population growth, wind capacity, and electrification rate. The findings revealed the dynamic behavior of the variables from the VAR to a strongly significant positive correlation to deploying wind energy in Ghana. The impulse response functions (IRFs) equally exhibited a positive impact long-run trajectory growth of the variables after a shock to the system. The response of the first lags had differences of log policy and that of the log of GDP produced a curious result from the shock by taking a steady positive growth path in the short run and nosedived to a negative pathway in the long run. On the other hand, the interaction of the first differences of the lags of log wind capacity and log policy is quite instructive, as the headwind produced a negative relationship in the short run and to a positive growth path in the long run. This was anticipated, as the wind capacity installation of Ghana is expected to increase in the long run, when pipeline projects materialize. Keywords Energy rises . Wind energy . VAR . Energy efficiency . Energy policy . Ghana
Introduction Ghana is endowed with a number of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, hydro, and biomass, which supply over 60% of the nation’s energy needs. However, the country is yet to exploit these resources holistically for its economic gains.
To ensure energy security and avoid the over exploitation of resources and the economic and social benefits that come with wind energy deployment, the country has put in policies to develop wind energy for the country. Wind is the energy that can sustainably meet the growing demands of our energy needs. Ghana has a population of about 30 million people,
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * David Ajene Alemzero [email protected] Huaping Sun [email protected] Abdul Razzaq Khan [email protected] Ahmed Bashir [email protected] Qaiser Abbas [email protected] Hermas Abudu [email protected]
1
School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
2
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
3
Department Sociology and Rural Development, University of AJ&K, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
4
Department of Economics, Ghazi Univer
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