Energy recovery from waste printed circuit boards using microwave pyrolysis: product characteristics, reaction kinetics,
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Energy recovery from waste printed circuit boards using microwave pyrolysis: product characteristics, reaction kinetics, and benefits Yu-Fong Huang 1 & Shang-Lien Lo 1,2 Received: 27 April 2020 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Energy recovery from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) was carried out by using microwave pyrolysis. According to thermogravimetric analysis, the maximum weight loss rate of waste PCBs occurred at 323 °C. When waste PCBs was heated under microwave irradiation at 300 W, the temperature can be reached within 10 min. Compared with conventional pyrolysis, microwave pyrolysis can provide higher weight loss of waste PCBs by 3–5 wt%. Microwave pyrolysis is helpful for the delamination of waste PCBs. Almost 71% of the gaseous product can be directly used as a fuel or converted into other forms of energy. Microwave pyrolysis can produce more HBr than conventional pyrolysis by approximately 17%. The main components of liquid product were phenols and phenyls. The overall energy recovery from waste PCBs using microwave pyrolysis can be 62%. According to kinetic analysis, it would need 20 min of processing time to decompose the combustible fraction of waste PCBs at 300 W. The maximum processing capacity of the microwave pyrolysis system for waste PCBs can be 1.36 kg, with the energy production of 2710 kJ. Furthermore, the pyrolyzed PCBs can be further processed to recycle valuable metals. Therefore, microwave pyrolysis of waste PCBs can be a complete and effective circular economy system to create high energy and economic benefits. Keywords Printed circuit boards . Energy recovery . Microwave pyrolysis . Conventional pyrolysis . Reaction kinetics
Introduction Electronic waste (e-waste) or waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) describes discarded devices or goods without the intent to reuse (Robinson 2009; Baldé et al. 2015; Kaya 2016). Because of technological advancements in electrical and electronic equipments that have an ever shortening lifespan, the management of e-waste has become Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10304-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shang-Lien Lo [email protected] 1
Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
2
Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
a fast-growing pollution problem worldwide (Kiddee et al. 2013; Akcil et al. 2015; Cui and Anderson 2016). Printed circuit boards (PCBs), the important and necessary part of almost all electrical and electronic devices, contain more abundant metals than their ores (Li et al. 2007; Cui and Anderson 2016). Waste PCBs primarily contain about 30% of base
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