Engineered metal-oxide-metal heterojunction nanowires
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tin P. Padtureb) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (Received 26 April 2005; accepted 21 July 2005)
Using a unique combination of template-based synthesis methods involving anodization, electroplating, and selective oxidation, we have synthesized engineered metal–oxide–metal (MOM) heterojunction nanowires in the Au–SnO2–Au and Au–NiO–Au systems for possible use in nanoelectronics. The template-based synthesis method used here is generic, and it has the potential to provide control over the structure and characteristics of the resulting MOM nanowires. By virtue of their heterojunction structure, MOM nanowires have the potential to overcome some of the drawbacks associated with all-oxide nanowire building blocks, and they present a rare opportunity to measure directly fundamental functional properties of nanoscale oxides. A new paradigm of “bottom-up” nanoelectronics is beginning to emerge, where 1-dimensional nanowire building blocks of inorganic materials are being used as nanocomponents, which are then assembled into circuits for various applications.1–8 Although the field of nanoelectronics is in its infancy, it has the potential to revolutionize the way densely packed, integrated circuits with multiple functionalities are created.6 Oxide nanowires (nanoribbons, nanobelts, or nanorods)3,5,7,8 are being used increasingly in multifunctional bottom-up nanoelectronics, taking advantage of the myriad size-dependent properties of oxides, such as dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, chemical-sensing, bio-sensing, electro-optic, and magnetoresistance. Furthermore, the bottom-up approach sidesteps processing-incompatibility issues associated with the top-down thin-film [two-dimensional (2D)] approach, making it more amenable to integration: different types of oxide nanowire building blocks can be synthesized in isolation prior to their site-specific assembly into circuits. In this context, metal–oxide–metal (MOM) heterojunction nanowires, where a nanoscale segment of a functional oxide is sandwiched axially between two similar or dissimilar noble-metal nanowires, are likely to a)
Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210. b) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] This author was an editor of this journal during the review and decision stage. For the JMR policy on review and publication of manuscripts authored by editors, please refer to http:// www.mrs.org/publications/jmr/policy.html. DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2005.0347 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 20, No. 10, Oct 2005
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have some distinct advantages over all-oxide nanowires. Here we present examples of MOM nanowire in the Au–SnO2–Au and Au–NiO–Au systems, synthesized using a unique combination of previously developed template-based synthesis methods.2,9–16 Briefly, all-metal Au–Sn–Au and Au–Ni–Au nanowires were electroplated inside the nanoholes of anod
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