Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi 2 WO 6 with PVP addition for CO 2 reduction into ethanol under visible light
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ADVANCED OXIDATION/REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES: AN PERSPECTIVE FROM IBEROAMERICAN COUNTRIES
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6 with PVP addition for CO2 reduction into ethanol under visible light Camila Silva Ribeiro 1
&
Marla Azário Lansarin 1
Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The conversion of CO2 into new carbon-based products, such as fuels and chemicals, is an attractive and promising means of mitigating global energy needs and minimizing environmental damage. Although bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) as a photocatalyst can promote CO2 photoreduction, a systematic study for the development of a low-cost and efficient catalyst is needed. Thus, Bi2WO6 with different morphologies was successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method. An experimental design was applied to investigate the effect of synthesis time and PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) concentration on catalyst photocatalytic activity. Crystal structures, morphologies, optical absorption, and surface charges of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, UV–vis diffuse-reflection spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and zeta potential. All samples exhibited good performance for the photoreduction of CO2 into ethanol, and both time and PVP concentration were significant in the ethanol yield. Changes in synthesis conditions induced differences in catalyst characteristics, such as morphology, crystallinity, and, predominantly, surface area. Furthermore, PVP addition improved photocatalytic efficiency by up to 258% compared with results without the surfactant. The best sample, W-8h-10%, presented a flower-like morphology and ethanol yield of 68.9 μmol g−1 h−1. Keywords Bi2WO6 . Hydrothermal . CO2 reduction . PVP . Photocatalysis . Visible light
Introduction The main disadvantage of the fossil fuel–based economy is the emission into the atmosphere of carbon dioxide (CO2), besides SO2 and different nitrogen oxides. Increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere disrupts the ecological balance and can cause irreversible damage to the environment (Norhasyima and Mahlia 2018; Ye et al. 2019). Thus, it is important to develop new technologies to avoid the increase
Responsible editor: Sami Rtimi Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10765-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Camila Silva Ribeiro [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2777, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-007, Brazil
of CO2 atmospheric concentration. One approach is to transform all excess CO2 into new carbon-based products, such as fuels and chemicals, closing the global carbon loop. Technologies available for CO2 transformation include heterogeneous photocatalysis, a process mimicking plant photosynthesis that uses this gas, light energy, water, and a catalyst to transform CO2 into new
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