Enhanced photocatalytic activity of CdS nanostar decorated SiO 2 /TiO 2 composite spheres and the simulation effect usin
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of CdS nanostar decorated SiO2/TiO2 composite spheres and the simulation effect using FDTD model Kasimayan Uma 1 & Shin-Wen Chen 2 & Balu KrishnaKumar 3 & Chellappa Jeyaprabha 4 & Thomas C.-K. Yang 2 & Ja-Hon Lin 1 Received: 5 January 2020 / Revised: 19 September 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A simple sol-gel method was adopted to synthesize SiO2/TiO2 (ST) composite spheres decorated with CdS nanostars. Two types of photocatalyst were synthesized; one is SiO2-CdS (S-CdS) and the other is SiO2/TiO2-CdS (ST-CdS) composite spheres. The synthesized SiO2-CdS and SiO2/TiO2-CdS composite spheres were extensively characterized using different techniques. The photocatalytic activities of the as-synthesized catalysts were evaluated by the degradation of Congo red (CR) dye under visible light irradiation. The ST-CdS composite spheres showed better photocatalytic activity in the visible light irradiation by providing more active sites for dye adsorption, and by reducing the recombination of electrons and holes. The simulation model was consistent with the absorption results which established the UV and visible light photocatalyst activity. The results showed that the CdS nanostar decorated SiO2/TiO2 spheres showed better photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation compared with the SiO2-CdS composite spheres. Keywords Dye degradation . CdS nanostar . Visible light irradiation . FDTD model . SiO2/TiO2 composite
Introduction Environmental crises are a significant concern resulting from global warming, which is associated with the release of hazardous materials from the textile and chemical industries. It has been well-identified that the wastewater from the dye industry is the major issue for pure water contamination due to Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-020-03795-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ja-Hon Lin [email protected] 1
Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
2
Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
4
Department of Chemistry, Anna University-University College of Engineering Dindigul Campus, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624 622, India
its vast toxicity, high amount of dissolved oxygen, and the creation of carcinogenic products [1, 2]. Moreover, these unsolicited dye products are dangerous to human health, leading to eye allergies, lung infection, and various cancers. It is also harmful to the biosphere such as living organisms, algae, and fungi in water bodies. In this present scenario, it is crucial to develop techniques for recycling and reusi
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