Enhanced thermal stability of lead-free (1- x )Ba(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 )O 3 - x (Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 ferroelectric ceramics
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Enhanced thermal stability of lead-free (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 ferroelectric ceramics Yang Yang1 , Wentao Wang1, Xiaorui Chen1, Yue Wang1, Daqiang Gao1, and Desheng Xue1,* 1
Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
Received: 29 May 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 30 August 2020
The thermal stability of lead-free perovskite ceramics (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT–xBCT) is enhanced greatly by co-sintering different combinations in rhombohedral phase (R phase), tetragonal phase (T phase) and morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), respectively. By co-sintering the mixture of BZT–0.2BCT (R) and BZT–0.8BCT (T) powders with molar ratio of 1:1 at the optimized condition of 1250 °C for 2 h, its thermal stability is increased by 46% compared with the recognized ceramic of BZT–0.5BCT (MPB). Furthermore, the ceramic obtained by co-sintering the mixture of BZT–0.2BCT, BZT–0.5BCT and BZT–0.8BCT powders with molar ratio of 1:1:1 shows the further improved thermal stability by 63% compared with the recognized ceramic of BZT–0.5BCT. The finding reveals that co-sintering different phases to enhance the thermal stability of ceramics may provide a broad prospect for the application of leadfree perovskite ceramics.
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Springer Science+Business
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Introduction The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB, combining a rhombohedral R end and a tetragonal T end) can induce high ferroelectric and piezoelectric performance in perovskite ferroelectrics [1–11]. In Pb-based materials, MPB depends only on the compositions and is insensitive to the temperature [12, 13], which results in the high thermal stability for the ceramics Handling Editor: David Cann.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05206-0
[14]. Unfortunately, Pb-based materials are now confronting global restriction due to the toxicity of lead [14, 15]. Thus, the lead-free perovskite materials with MPB are considered to be the best substitute of Pb-based perovskite materials [16]. At present, the performance of lead-free perovskite ceramics has been improved greatly. For example, the piezoelectricity of (1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT–xBCT) (d33 * 755 pC/N) [17] and
J Mater Sci
(K,Na)NbO3 (KNN-based) (d33 * 700 pC/N, d33* * 980 pm/V) [18] ceramics has been demonstrated to be comparable to commercial Pb-based materials [5]. However, their thermal instability limits their larger scare applications, because the MPB of lead-free materials depends on not only the compositions but also the temperature [12, 19–22]. Therefore, improving the thermal stability of lead-free perovskite materials is an urgent problem to solve. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the thermal stability of the BZT–xBCT ceramics is significantly improved by sintering the mixture of BZT gel and BCT powders [8], which provides the new strategy to broaden the temperature range of MPB. In thi
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