Enhancement and revitalization of public spaces in the historic centre of the city of Guayaquil (Ecuador)
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Enhancement and revitalization of public spaces in the historic centre of the city of Guayaquil (Ecuador) Olga B. Roa1,2 · Milagros Fois3 · Carlos Velasco4 Published online: 28 July 2020 © Springer Nature Limited 2020
Abstract This research examines the effectiveness of public spaces in the historic centre of Guayaquil, Ecuador, arguing that Guayaquil’s public spaces have lost their power to bring people together. Migration from the city centre to the suburbs as well as the municipal ordinance for Urban Regeneration contribute to the lost effectiveness. In particular, the ordinance, sets limits on the use of public spaces yet fails to resolve conflicts in the social relations between users and their environment. This research proposes the interrelation and reintegration of the various public spaces scattered throughout Guayaquil’s Historic Centre. Emphasizing the importance of to consider Guayaquil’s public spaces during the urban planning process. The proposed empowerment and revitalization of Guayaquil’s public spaces requires the identification an analysis of each urban element, to the design and implementation of both material and immaterial connectors that will lead to the proper interrelation and reintegration. Keywords Material and immaterial connectors · Revitalization of public spaces · Space sintax · Urban desing
Introduction The present study proposes an urban design for the Historic Centre of the city of Guayaquil (HCCG) based on material and immaterial connectors to revitalize and enhance HCCG’s public spaces. Various approaches proposed by Allán (2011), Borja (2003), Vicherat (2007) and Hakim (2007) can be integrated to define HCCG’s public space as one built over time where Guayaquil’s diverse citizens can freely circulate, socialize, and seek recreation Accessibility, continuity within the urban environment, design, multi-functionality, security, and democratic use. All characteristics * Olga B. Roa [email protected] 1
Fac. Arquitectura e Ingeniería / CIN‑UEES, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Ecuador, Samborondon, Ecuador
Fac. de Arquitectura e Ingeniería / CIN‑UEES, University of Guayaquil, Ecuador, P.O. BOX 09‑01‑952, Samborondon, Ecuador
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3 Fac. Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Guayaquil http://www.ug.edu.ec 4
Unidad Monte Sinahí, Ministerio de Desarrollo Urbano y Vivienda https://www.habitatyvivienda.gob.ec
mentioned can increase citizens’ quality of life, regard to tangible and intangible aspect. The space appropriation allows to create a bond between people and places through a set of activities occurring in public spaces, when users who feel themselves identified in their public context (LaraHernandez 2020). During the first half of 2016, face-to-face monitoring was conducted in Guayaquil for seven hours per day, five days per week. The researchers found evidence that Guayaquil’s citizens feel a loss of empowerment regarding the city’s public spaces. While the public spaces were clearly designed to preserve the city’s heritage and history, city re
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