Enhancement in Connectivity by Distributed Beamforming in WSN
A pair of node is said to be connected if they lie in communication range of each other or more precisely in terms of graph theory, we can say that a pair of node is said to be connected if at least, there is a single path exist between them. This connect
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Abstract A pair of node is said to be connected if they lie in communication range of each other or more precisely in terms of graph theory, we can say that a pair of node is said to be connected if at least, there is a single path exist between them. This connectivity is affected by displacement, dying node, and communication blockage. Due to this reason, the network topology also changes dynamically. Disconnection results in nonfunctional WSN, although other nodes remain operational. Even owing to one node failure can results in end of whole network and we have to deploy the whole WSN again. We will show an improvement in connectivity and increase in lifetime of WSN and better quality signal by using master–slave architecture of distributive beamforming, if a node failure occurs. This approach requires no receiver feedback, other approaches such as one-bit feedback requires feedback from receiver for correctly superimposition of signals from two or more sources on receiver and therefore not an energy-efficient approach. The simulations of the proposed approach are performed and the acquired results highlight the benefits of this proposal. Keywords Wireless sensor network architecture ⋅ Directional antenna
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Distributed beamforming
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Master–slave
1 Introduction Connectivity is a major concern in many applications of WSNs such as monitoring, surveillance, battlefield, potentially terrorist attack detection, disaster management, target monitoring, border protection, and more. Connectivity is one of the crucial
Vandana Raj (✉) ⋅ Kulvinder Singh University Institute of Engineering and Technology Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India e-mail: [email protected] Kulvinder Singh e-mail: kshanda@rediffmail.com © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017 S.C. Satapathy et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Data Engineering and Communication Technology, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 469, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1678-3_58
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requirements of WSN, as information collected needs to be transmitted to the sink node or processing centers, if it fails to do so, then network life time ends no matter if other nodes are still operational. It is an open research problem. Connectivity depends on link existence. Connectivity can be modeled as graph, G(V, E), where vertices V are sensor nodes, and link between them is an edge. Graph is said to be connected, if there is at least one path between each pair of nodes. With the help of equation, connectivity can be defined as follows: 𝜇(r) = N𝜋r2 ∕A
(1.1)
where N is the number of sensors in area A, and r is the radius of transmission [1]. Due to a wide-range of potential applications, the concept of WSN has attracted a great deal of research attention. A wireless sensor network is composed of small sensing devices having processing and wireless communication capabilities, which are deployed in a region of interest. They gather information about the environment, generate and deliver messages to the
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