Enhancement of Fe(III) to electro-response of starch hydrogel
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Enhancement of Fe(III) to electro-response of starch hydrogel Yifei Wang 1,2 & Meihui Lin 2 & Wenqing Dai 1,2 & Yanwei Zhou 1,2 & Zunyuan Xie 2 & Kaiqiang Liu 1,2 & Lingxiang Gao 1,2 Received: 7 June 2020 / Revised: 15 August 2020 / Accepted: 23 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In order to prepare excellent electro-responsive natural hydrogels, in this paper, soluble starch with large amount of hydroxyl groups was selected as raw material. For exploring the enhancement to electro-response of starch hydrogel, starch-Fe(III) composite hydrogels were successfully obtained by a combination of Fe(III) into starch hydrogel in this paper. The composite hydrogels were prepared as A-hydrogels cured in the presence of electric field and B-hydrogels which cured without electric field. The storage modulus of A-hydrogels and B-hydrogels was measured using a dynamic viscoelasticity spectrometer (DMA); the consequent modulus increment (ΔG = GA-GB) and modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG/GB) were analyzed for indicating electroresponse of the hydrogels. The physical microstructure of the hydrogels was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to study the chemical constitution and structure. The results show that there is a coordinate bond between Fe(III) with –OH of starch which leads to a stronger three-dimensional network structure and higher thermal stability of the starch-Fe(III) hydrogel. What’s more, the electroresponse of the hydrogels can be affected according to the Fe3+ concentration. When the Fe3+ concentration is 0.15 ~ 0.25 M under the electric field of 0.8 kV mm−1, the starch-Fe(III) hydrogels have the strongest electro-response, the maximum value of modulus increment (ΔG) is 24 kPa, and the modulus increment sensitivity (ΔG/GB) is about 90%, far more than pure starch hydrogel. Keywords Fe (III) . Starch hydrogel . Storage modulus . Electro-response
Introduction Intelligent hydrogels can respond to the environmental changes by recognizing and then self-working under slight stimulation of physical and chemical environment, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, electric field, magnetic field, light, and pressure [1–7] which are called as “smart hydrogel,” “soft machine.” Based on these responsive hydrogels, many broad prospect and potential application in a variety of fields such as drug release, artificial muscle, actuators, and bionic energy transducing devices [8–14] have been developed. Among these
* Lingxiang Gao [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, People’s Republic of China
2
School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, People’s Republic of China
stimuli, electric field enjoys many obvious advantages, such as operating easily and regulating conveniently, which makes the electro-response hydro
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