Enriching and Separating Primary Copper Impurity from Pb-3 Mass Pct Cu Melt by Super-Gravity Technology
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elements are present in lead bullion produced in industry.[1] These impurities will not only have great impacts on the purity of electrolytic lead, but also can cause the highest gassing in the positive or the negative.[2] Furthermore, the softening of the lead bullion is required during some electrorefining process to maintain the anode integrity and slime adherence.[1] Most commonly, the lead bullion is refined by fire refining process and electrolytic refining process,[3] and copper impurity will be removed first in the fire refining process.[4] Currently, copper can be removed to a rather low content by liquation and sulfureting methods.[2,5,6] Nevertheless, it is not only a complicated process in terms of requiring high strength of labor for the liquation method for decoppering, but also problems related to both lead waste and environmental pollution are serious due to the considerable amount of residual lead in the floated dross.[7] In addition, the exhausted gas and the dust generated in sulfureting process are highly harmful to workers and environment.[8,9] Thus, it YUHOU YANG and GAOYANG SONG, Ph.D. Candidates, BO SONG, Professor, and ZHANBING YANG, Associate Professor, are with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] WENBIN XIN, formerly Ph.D. Student with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, is now Postdoctoral Researcher with Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China. Manuscript submitted January 29, 2016. Article published online August 1, 2016. 2714—VOLUME 47B, OCTOBER 2016
is necessary to explore a new method in the decoppering process. Super-gravity technology is successfully applied to fabricating functional graded materials,[10–12] super-gravity casting[13–15] and manufacturing amorphous metal alloys.[16] In addition to these, the molten metal purification and recovery of valuable components from molten slags by super gravity have become hotspots of advanced research. Miki et al.[17] reported that inclusions removing rate in molten steel increased 50 pct in super-gravity field generated through electromagnetic stirring. Zhao et al.[18] studied removal of low-content impurities in aluminum by super gravity, and the results showed that Fe- and Si-rich phases formed and gathered at the bottom of the sample along the direction of super-gravity field. Song et al.[19] studied the separating behavior of nonmetallic inclusions in molten aluminum under super-gravity field, and they found that nearly all the inclusions moved to the bottom of the sample after treatment for 5 minutes with gravity coefficient, G = 20. Terrific achievements were obtained by Li et al. on the enrichment and separation of perovskite phase from Ti-containing blast furnace slag by super gravity.[20,21] The above-mentioned authors attributed their findings mainly to the extreme intensification of relative movement betwee
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