Enterococcus faecium L-15 Extract Enhances the Self-Renewal and Proliferation of Mouse Skin-Derived Precursor Cells
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Enterococcus faecium L-15 Extract Enhances the Self-Renewal and Proliferation of Mouse Skin-Derived Precursor Cells Kichul Kim 1 & Sangkyu Park 1,2 & Hyewon Kim 1 & Sol Min 1 & Seockmo Ku 3 & Jeongmin Seo 1,2 & Sangho Roh 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the gastrointestinal tract have beneficial health effects. LAB activate the proliferation of intestinal stem cells and speed the recovery of damaged intestinal cells, but little is known about effect of LAB on other adult stem cells. In this study, a cell-free extract of Enterococcus faecium L-15 (L15) was exposed to mouse skin-derived precursor cells (SKPs), and the changes in characteristics associated with proliferation and self-renewal capacity were investigated. L15 increased the size of the spheres and the proliferation rate of SKPs. Cell cycle analysis revealed that cells in the S-phase increased after treatment with L15. In the L15-treated group, the total number of spheres significantly increased. The expression level of pluripotency marker genes also increased, while the mesenchymal lineage-related differentiation marker genes significantly decreased in the L15treated group. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was activated by L15 in SKPs. These results indicate that L15 enhances proliferation and self-renewal of SKPs and may be used as a supplement for stem cell maintenance or application of stem cell therapy. This is the first report to investigate the functional effects of E. faecium on the proliferation and self-renewal capacity of SKPs. Keywords Lactic acid bacteria . Proliferation . Self-renewal . PI3K/Akt signaling pathway . Skin-derived precursor cell (SKP)
Introduction According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization, probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host” [1]. Among the various probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Enterococcus spp. are commonly used in the dairy industry as commercial starters due to their functionalities [1–4]. These benefits include bacteriocin
production, detoxification of microbial toxins, as well as anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects [5–8]. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by these probiotic microorganisms are used as a source of energy to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of gastrointestinal epithelial cells [9]. In addition, SCFAs modulate the immune system by regulating the proliferation and cytokines of T cells [10, 11]. It has also been reported that gut microbiota influence the stem cell niche and regulate the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells [12]. Specifically, Lactobacillus reuteri was shown
* Jeongmin Seo [email protected] * Sangho Roh [email protected]
Seockmo Ku [email protected]
1
Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School
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