Entire synergistic contribution of Chinese rice ball-like hollow nitride sphere limited assemble of polyaniline for high
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Entire synergistic contribution of Chinese rice ball-like hollow nitride sphere limited assemble of polyaniline for high-performance supercapacitors Huihui Wang 1 Received: 22 March 2020 / Revised: 21 June 2020 / Accepted: 2 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Chinese rice ball-like hollow nitride spheres with a high specific surface area and excellent conductivity have been successfully fabricated via a hydrothermal method. Polyaniline is assembled onto the surface of these nitride spheres. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the hollow structure, high conductivity, abundant active sites, sturdy microstructure, and additional pseudocapacitance provided by the polyaniline, the prepared CRBHNS-PANI electrode presents ideal electrochemical properties and good cycling stability for supercapacitors according to electrochemical tests. The nanocomposite exhibits a high specific capacitance of 530.8 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and excellent rate capability (retains 80.4% even at a current density of 5 A g−1). Moreover, the material also has good cycling stability, with 87.4% performance retention after 1000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1. This study demonstrates that the performance of PANI-based supercapacitors can be greatly enhanced by limited assembly around novel transition metal nitrides with a unique microscopic morphology and structure. Keywords Chinese rice ball-like nitride spheres . Polyaniline . Limited assembly . Supercapacitors
Introduction The increasing energy crisis and serious environmental problems have motivated researchers to explore environmentally friendly, sustainable, and efficient energy storage devices such as fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors [1–3]. Supercapacitors (SCs) have been widely studied as the nextgeneration energy storage devices because they have a high power density, fast charging rate, and long cycle life and can fill the gap between rechargeable batteries and traditional capacitors [4–7]. The specific capacitance and energy density of SCs strongly rely upon the type, properties, and the surface structure of the electrode material. Consequently, one of the most promising strategies is the design and fabrication of novel and efficient electrode materials [8–12].
Huihui Wang will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication * Huihui Wang [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lu Liang University, Lvliang 033001, China
Generally, the electrode materials of SCs can be categorized into three types: carbon materials with high specific surface area [13–17], conducting polymers [18–21], and transition metal oxides [22, 23]. Among them, TiO2, as a typical transition metal oxide with controllable and diverse microstructures, has gained tremendous research interest for supercapacitors due to its high specific surface area, nontoxicity, and excellent stability [24, 25]. Unfortunately, the poor electrical con
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