Entomovectoring for Precision Biocontrol and Enhanced Pollination of Crops
This book examines entomovectoring, which employs crop pollinators to spread biocontrol protections against plant pathogens. The book describes research and development of the process, also known as apivectoring and beevectoring, for use both in pollinati
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ring for Precision Biocontrol and Enhanced Pollination of Crops
Entomovectoring for Precision Biocontrol and Enhanced Pollination of Crops
Guy Smagghe • Otto Boecking Bettina Maccagnani • Marika Mänd Peter G. Kevan Editors
Entomovectoring for Precision Biocontrol and Enhanced Pollination of Crops
Editors Guy Smagghe Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent, Belgium Bettina Maccagnani Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “Giorgio Nicoli”
Crevalcore, Bologna, Italy Peter G. Kevan School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Guelph, ON, Canada
Otto Boecking Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety Institute for Apiculture Celle, Germany Marika Mänd Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu, Estonia
ISBN 978-3-030-18916-7 ISBN 978-3-030-18917-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18917-4 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
We are happy to present this unique book, not only because of its novelty and interdisciplinary content but also because it provides a different view on bees and how we can employ their pollination behaviour for biodiversity and sustainability on our planet. Yes, the major evolutionary diversification of nectaries in late Cretaceous flowers, about 120 million years ago, also signals the beginning of the mutualism between Hymenoptera and angiosperms. Bees are the best example of this mutualism. When bees go from flower to flower collecting pollen, they also deposit pollen grains onto the flowers, thereby pollinating them. Indeed, today, the role of insects in pollinating
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