Entrepreneurial Dynamics
The creation of new business is seen as a key factor to reach economic goals at regional and national levels. Many regions in advanced countries have experienced stagnation or, in some cases, decline in traditional manufacturing sectors and the changes in
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Entrepreneurial Dynamics
Abstract The creation of new business is seen as a key factor to reach economic goals at regional and national levels. Many regions in advanced countries have experienced stagnation or, in some cases, decline in traditional manufacturing sectors and the changes in the patterns of entrepreneurial activities towards innovation and knowledge are necessary. There is a need to understand the factors that have an impact on entrepreneurial dynamics, and the focus of this chapter is on the elements that foster or prevent entrepreneurship in Italy. Keywords Entrepreneurship · New firms · Nascent entrepreneur
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Introduction
In the past few decades, interest in the role of start-ups and small firms as determinants of employment growth and economic development has increased considerably. One of the reasons for this is that several regions in advanced economies have experienced stagnation or decline in traditional manufacturing activities. Stimulation of entrepreneurship and new business formation is viewed as a means to secure present and future job opportunities (Andersson & Noseleit, 2011). There are strong reasons to believe that entrepreneurship is an essential explanatory factor of the economic performance of a country, and © The Author(s) 2020 A. Micozzi, The Entrepreneurial Dynamics in Italy, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55183-4_1
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A. MICOZZI
that the degree of productive entrepreneurial activity explains part of observed cross-country differences in economic performance (Davidsson & Henrekson, 2002). Entrepreneurship as a societal phenomenon draws attention to antecedents and outcomes of entrepreneurial behaviour, while entrepreneurship as a research field aims to understand what entrepreneurship is. At policy level, recent documents by the European Commission (2010) and OECD (2010) (European Commission, 2011; OECD/EUROPEAN UNION, 2019) have emphasized the importance of entrepreneurship to promote the development of member countries. In recent years, national and local governments have placed a great emphasis on the development of a culture of entrepreneurship, which is considered to be crucial for coping with the challenges and opportunities of globalization. The European Commission (EC) are stimulating entrepreneurship across all EU nations and regions, as a major driver of innovation, competitiveness and growth. This is being promoted and supported through a variety of strategies, policies, programmes and funds, structural and cohesion funds, focusing on improving the entrepreneurial environment for start-ups and existing firms. Consequently, increasing the rate of new firm formation has become a key priority for policymakers interested in fostering economic development: “For a variety of reasons, promoting entrepreneurship enjoys support from governments at both ends of the political spectrum. Proentrepreneurship policies have been embraced as a means of increasing economic growth and diversity, ensuring competitive markets, helping the unemployed to generate additional job
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